World History – Unit 7 Test Review – Flashcards
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Liberal
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Supports change within the existing system; reform-minded.
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Conservative
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Generally opposed to change and works within the existing system. This person wants to maintain the status quo.
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Reactionary
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Will use violence to oppose change and wants to return things to policies of the past.
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Moderate
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Will support or oppose change based on individual issues. Works within the existing system.
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Radical
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Uses violence to bring about swift and complete change in the existing system of government.
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Old Regime
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The social and political system of pre-revolutionary France.
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Status Quo
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To keep things the way they are is to maintain the...
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Estates
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The social classes of France prior to the revolution.
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Bourgeoisie
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The middle class of France made up of merchants, professionals, and intellectuals who served as the leaders of the French Revolution. Mainly lived in the urban areas.
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Nobles
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Made up the Second Estate
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Clergy
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Made up the First Estate
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Third Estate
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Made up of the bourgeoisie, artisans, and peasants.
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Peasants
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The largest and most heavily taxed group in France.
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Estates-General
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The representative body of pre-revolutionary France divided into three houses that met in separate locations.
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National Assembly
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Was formed by the Third Estate to speak for all the people of France. It wrote France's first constitution and was replaced by more radical elements in 1792.
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National Convention
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Created by the radicals in 1792; governed and wrote France's second constitution.
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Directory
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The government created by the Constitution of 1795 with a five member executive committee and a bicameral legislature.
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Committee of Public Safety
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Created to run France until a new constitution could be written. It was a ten member executive committee that carried out the Reign of Terror.
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Danton, Marat, and Robespierre
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Leading members of the Committee of Public Safety
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Legitimacy, Compensation, and Balance of Power
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The guiding principles of the Congress of Vienna
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Artisans
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Craftsmen and members of the third estate who were generally not wealthy and lived in urban areas.
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Jacobins
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Were the radical "political club" of France that claimed to be the voice of the common people of France; they formed the National Convention.
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Louis XVIII
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Was restored to the throne of France by the Congress of Vienna following the revolution and the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Emigres
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French nobles who left France for Austria; they planned to return and retake control of the government at some future time.
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Louis XVI
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The French Monarch at the start of the revolution; he was faced with extreme economic difficulties and a crop failure. After attempting to escape France, he was arrested, tried for treason and executed.
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Marie Antoinette
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The wife of the French King and the daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria; a symbol of the greed of the Second Estate and the crown, she was executed.
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July 14, 1789
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Date of Bastille Day
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Moscow
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Where Napoleon invaded in 1812 to punish it for violating the Continental System which proved to be his largest military mistake.
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Austria, Prussia, Russia, and England
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The "Big Four" countries at the Congress of Vienna that set policy.
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Elba
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Island that Napoleon was first exiled to (off the coast of Italy).
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St. Helena
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Island that Napoleon was exiled to after his final defeat (in the South Atlantic)
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Continental System
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Napoleon's plan to destroy the economy of Great Britain by restricting trade.
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Hundred Days
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The period of Napoleon's return to France from exile prior to his defeat at Waterloo.
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Coup d'etat
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A seizure of the state taking control of a government by force.
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Reign of Terror
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The Committee of Public Safety carried out mass executions of French citizens over a 10 month period.
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Tennis Court Oath
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A vow of the National Assembly not to leave its building until a Constitution has been written.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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Part of the French Constitution of 1792, gaurenteeing civil liberties to the French people.
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Bastille
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The castle attacked at the beginning of the French Revolution.
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Plebiscite
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A vote of the people to answer a question.
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Consulate
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The name of Napoleon's government.
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Waterloo
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The location of Napoleon's last battle when he was defeated by a combined European force in 1815.
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Leipzig
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Napoleon's first major battlefield defeat in 1813 in Germany.
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Congrss of Vienna
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The "peace conference" following the Napoleonic Wars. IT used reactionary policies to return Europe to the politics of pre-revolutionary France.
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Duke of Wellington
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Led the European Army during the Battle of Waterloo
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Alexander I
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The Czar of Russia who rejected the Continental System and would represent his country at the Congress of Vienna
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Prince Metternich
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The reactionary minister of Austria who represented his country in Vienna and was influental in setting policy.
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Horation Nelson
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the British Admiral that destroyed the French fleet removing the threat of a French invasion of England.
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Battle of Trafalgar
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The naval battle in 1805; in the Mediterranean where the French Navy was vitually destroyed by the British.
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Nationalism
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The feeling of belonging to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. This feeling ignored in Viennna will lead to further revolution as people will fight to unite or to break away a country they were forced to belong to.
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Liberalism
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The political movement to reform government and make it more answerable to the people. This democratic movement ignored by the Congress of Vienna will cause several revolutions in the 19th century.
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German Confederation
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Created from the "Old" Holy Roman Empire, dividing Germany into 39 states under the control of Austria.
