World History Unit 4 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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an early native american people who lived in the american southwest
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Anasazi
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a village of large apartment-like buildings made of clay and stone, built by the anasazi and later peoples of the american southwest
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pueblo
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in incan society, a small community or family group whose members worked together for the common good
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ayllu
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in the inca empire, requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a number of months a year
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mita
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an arrangement of knotted strings on a chord, used by the inca to record numerical information
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quipu
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period of European history, from about 1300-1600 AD, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world
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Renaissance
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a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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humanism
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an artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface
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perspective
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concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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secular
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a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
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indulgence
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a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of reformation
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Protestant
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doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
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predestination
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16th century movement in which the roman catholic church sought to make changes in response to the protestant reformation
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Catholic Reformation
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members of the Society of Jesus, a roman catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
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Jesuits
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a meeting of roman catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul the third to rule on doctrines critisized by protestant reformers
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Council of Trent
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body of religious teachings based on ideas of reformer John Calvin
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Calvinism
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"overlord", or "one with power"; title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire
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Sultan
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in Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Musliim soldiers
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devshirme
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member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
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janissary
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hereditary monarch of iran
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Shah
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one of the nomads who invaded the inidan subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there
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Mughal
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member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism
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Sikh
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a Japenese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai
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daimyo
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a type of Japenese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories
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Kabuki
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a land controlled by another nation
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colony
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the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century
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conquistadors
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person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
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mestizo
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a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers in it
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encomienda
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group of people who, in 1620, founded colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England
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pilgrims
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group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony in Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600's
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Puritans
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transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas
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triangular trade
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voyage that brought captured Africans to West Indies, and later to North and South American, to be sold as slaves
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middle passage
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an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make profit
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capitalism
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a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits
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joint-stock company
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and solver and by selling more goods than they bought
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mercantilism
