World History Imperialism Review – Flashcards
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What was the major effect of foreign influence in Japan?
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modernization during the Meiji restoration
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What were the effects of Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)?
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it showed Japan was an expanding imperialist power like the west, Japan increased her land empire on the Asian mainland, it proved an Asian nation could defeat a major European nation in war
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Which nations did not fall under imperialist control?
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Liberia, Siam, Ethiopia
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What was the major result of the Spanish-American War?
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the U.S. gained an overseas empire
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What was the best colony in the world?
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India
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Why were the Pacific Islands necessary?
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they served as naval bases/resupply ports
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Why was Southeast Asia taken over?
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for its raw materials
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What was the U.S. sphere of influence?
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Latin America
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What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
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the United States would not allow any further European interference in the western hemisphere
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What are some examples of the Roosevelt Corollary?
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the United States military intervention in Haiti 1915, Nicaragua 1909, and Mexico 1914-1916
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What is an effect of imperialism that occurred in every location?
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the growth of native nationalism
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What was a major effect of imperialism?
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the exploitation of native lands/people and the destruction of their culture
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When was the Age of Imperialism?
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1870-1914
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What was the major cause of the "new imperialism?"
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industrialism
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What was the difference between direct and indirect rule?
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indirect rule did not replace the local native rulers, but direct rule did
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What was the result of African imperialism?
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most of Africa was divided up by the Europeans, Africa has many problems today because of European interference, and it increased tensions between the imperialist powers
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What was the method used by imperialist powers to make their colonies profitable?
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export the colonies raw materials, encourage the growth of cash crops, build ports, railroads and roads (infrastructure) for export
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Why was Britain able to gain control of the Indian subcontinent?
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India was a divided land
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What was the result of the Sepoy Mutiny (Rebellion)?
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India became a British crown colony
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What allowed the imperialist powers to gain control of China in the 1800's?
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the weakening of the Manchu (Qing) Dynasty
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What are the unequal treaties an example of?
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China's inability to resist imperialist demands
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Which nations had spheres of influence in China?
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all except the U.S.
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sphere of influence
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areas in which foreign powers have been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as trading rights and mining privileges
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protectorate
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a type of indirect rule in which the country keeps its own government, but it is guided by an imperialist power
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imperialism
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one country's domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country
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dollar diplomacy
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U.S. investment in Latin America was used to control events in those countries
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Berlin Conference
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where the European powers established the ground rules for dividing Africa among themselves
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Fashoda Crisis
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in Sudan; almost brought Britain and France to war
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Scramble for Africa
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the imperialist powers (Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Belgium) established full colonial rule in Africa
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White Man's Burden
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the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people
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assimilation
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the process by which a person or person acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group
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annex
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to incorporate into an existing political unit, such as a city or country
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indigenous
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native to a region
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indemnity
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the payment for damages
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Gandhi
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leader of Indian independence movement in British India; led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world
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Cecil Rhodes
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influenced British policy in South Africa; founded diamond and gold mining companies; was head of the Cape Colony; helped extend British territory
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King Mongkut
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king of Thailand who helped prevent Thailand being placed under colonial rule; promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with major European powers
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines
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King Leopold II
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king of Belgium; driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa
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Mahdi
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Mulsim cleric Muhammad Ahmad who launched a revolt that brought much of Sudan under his control
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David Livingstone
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European explorer who trekked through uncharted regions of Africa
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Shaka
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Zulu ruler who carved out their empire
