World History Honors Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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white man's burden
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belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples
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virtu
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characterized as having vitality or being a "universal man"
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laissez-faire
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state should not regulate the economy
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Duma
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legislative assembly created by Czar Nicholas II in Russia
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Triple Entente
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alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France in 1907
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Woodrow Wilson
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the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation
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Iraq and Palestine
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ruled by Great Britain as mandates on behalf of the League of Nations
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Battle of Midway Island
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turning point of war in the Pacific
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the Holocaust
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slaughter of European civilians, particularly European Jews, by the Nazis
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Treaty of Versailles
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treaty signed with Germany that was considered a harsh peace
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Yugoslavia
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remained independent of Soviet control although it was a Communist nation
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Balfour Declaration
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stated Britain's intention to make Palestine the national home of the Jews
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Enabling Act
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gave the government in Germany the power to ignore the constitution for 4 years
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Liberia & Ethiopia
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only free states in Africa by 1914
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the Central Powers
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Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
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Black Hand
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conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Ethnic cleansing
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deliberate mass murder of particular racial, political, or cultural group
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Council for Mutual Assistance
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Soviet Union's response to Marshall Plan
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Tennis Court Oath
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French National Assembly swore they'd continue to meet until they had produced a Constitution
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Brezhnev Doctrine
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Soviet Union had right to intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist nation
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the Civil Code
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most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon
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mercantilism
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large supply of bullion and determined a nation's prosperity
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Nicolas Copernicus
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sun, not earth, was center of universe
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Schlieffen Plan
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Germany's plan for a two-front war with Russia and France
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totalitarian state
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government aims to control political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
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John Hay
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proposed Open Door policy for China
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Dawes Plan
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reduced Germany's reparations debt
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Montesqueiu
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checks and balances
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Rousseau's social contract
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entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
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principle of legitimacy
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lawful monarchs from royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to power
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cotton cloth
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one of first industries to be affected by Industrial Revolution
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appeasement
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based on belief that the satisfaction of reasonable demands would maintain peace in Europe
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oligarchy
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government in which a select few exercise control
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proletariat
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working class
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Triple Alliance
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secret alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882
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Mobilization
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aggressive preparation for war
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blitzkrieg
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form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks
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spheres of influence
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European traders dealt directly with Chinese warlords for exclusive trading rights and barred others from trading in that region
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Nuremberg Laws
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excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and Germans
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Constitutional Convention
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meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation
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Five Year Plans
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it's purpose was to transform the USSR from an agricultural into an industrial economy
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Committee of Public Safety
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purpose was to defend France from threats
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women
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John Locke
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his ideas can be found in the Declaration of Independence
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Truman Doctrine
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U.S. would provide money to nations threatened by Communist expansion
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Mohandas Gandhi
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set a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India
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Cold War
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period of political tension following World War II
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Sun Yat-sen
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founded Revive China Society and Nationalist Party
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Mao Zedong
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led People's Liberation Army on Long March; leader of later Communist party
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Yalta Conference
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agreed to establishment of United Nations organization after the war
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Galileo
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heavenly bodies composed of material substance, not pure orbs of light
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Battle of Stalingrad
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entire German Sixth Army lost in a crushing defeat to the Soviets
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mercantilism
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a country's prosperity depended on how much gold/silver they had; dominated economic thought in 17th century
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Warsaw Pact
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military alliance between Soviet Union and various Eastern European nations
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Crimean War
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effect was that it destroyed the Concert of Europe
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Marshall Plan
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restore economic stability of European nations after WW2
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Labor system (factory)
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regular hours for workers doing same thing over and over
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Article 231
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the War-Guilt Clause: Germany and Austria responsible for starting the war
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direct rule
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local elites removed from power and replaced with new set of officials from mother country
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Sudetenland
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area in northwestern Czechoslovakia Hitler demanded prior to WW2
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Catholic & Protestant
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the two factions that resulted from the Protestant Reformation
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learning
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Renaissance characterized by an intensification of this
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janissaries
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converted to Islam and trained as foot soldiers to serve the sultan
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Gunpowder Empires
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formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered
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footbinding
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considered a status symbol in Qing society by Chinese women
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Tokugawa
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completed restoration of central authority in Japan in early 1600s
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Neolithic Revolution
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shift from hunting and gathering to raising animals and growing food
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commercial capitalism
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investing for purpose of profiting
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mobilization
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considered an act of war in 1914
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total war
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complete mobilization of resources and people in a war
