World History First Semester Study Guide – Flashcards
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Civilization
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Characterized by growth of cities, specialized workers, writing system, complex institutions, and adv. technology
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Monotheism
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Belief in one god, present in current day religions such as Islam, Boddhims ;], Christianity, Judaism
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The Nile River
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The long schlong river of Africa, longest river in the world, supported Egyptian civilization
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Peloponnesian War
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War fought between Athens and Sparta, Athens lost when their fleet and army was destroyed
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Primary Source
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Written by people who were at the historical events, typically show bias.
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Secondary Source
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Sources written by people who were not at the events
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Cultural Diffusion
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The spread of different cultures because of trade.
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Buddhism
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religion that believed through suffering and sorrow one could achieve enlightenment
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Golden Age of Athens
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Period of time in the Greek city-state that was led by Pericles
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Daoism
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Type of religion in China was the belief in nature
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Mohenjo-Daro
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African civilization that perfected the smelting of iron
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Alexander the Great
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Taught by Aristotle, was a Macedonian leader that conquered an enormous empire
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Pericles
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Athenian leader, had 3 goals: strengthen Athen's democracy, build a common empire, and glorify Athens
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Harappan Civilization
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Civilization with well planned cities, and a sewage system was very advanced
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Cuneiform
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First form of writing, it was used by the ancient Sumerians
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Mandate of Heaven
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Chinese belief that the divine right to rule was given by the heavens.
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Homer
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Blind famous story-teller who was known for his famous Greek epics such as the Iliad
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Confucious
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Great Chinese scholar who based politic off his five relationships. Was thought of almost as a religion of China
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Fertile Crescent
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Region in Southwest Asia, was the location of settlements for the first civilizations.
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Judaism
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religion based on the belief of the Abrahamic God, holy book is the TeNaKh.
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theocracy
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Government where ruler is a divine figure with political and spiritual power
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Buddha
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Siddartha Guatama, became Buddha through pain and suffering and following the eightfold path
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Greek Columns
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Doric-Simple, Ionic- Middle, Corythean- Crazy
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Twelve Tables
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Code of laws that plebians demanded of the Patricians. Prior to this law was free to interpretation in Rome
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Julius Caesar
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Became dictator of Rome, gained great power, ruled in the triumvirate and was murdered because of his rising popularity.
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Pax Romana
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Era of Roman history that was relatively calm, trade flourished and it was a time of great prosperity.
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Augustus
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Glorified Rome, and was the first Roman Emperor.
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Fall of Rome
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Caused by Germanic invaders, as well as the split between Eastern and Western Rome
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Roman Contributions
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Highways, entertainment, aquaducts, bathing, latin language, legal system, republic and senate. Were contributions
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Silk Road
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Was a road used often by the Chinese to trade their silk, started to develop in the Han Dynasty
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Koran
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Holy book containing all of Muhammad's teachings
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Marco Polo
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European trader who traveled to Kublai Khan's empire and told of the great wealth that Asia had
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Djenne-Djeno
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Oldest African civilization, was a huge trade center.
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Five Pillars
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Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, Hajj make up...
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Genghis Khan
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Conquered the largest land empire in history, was cruel,organized, and strategic
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Incas
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Became a large Empire that was rich in gold and silver, they made Cuzco as their capitals. Later conquered by conquistadors
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Eastern Orthodox Church
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Church where most power belonged to the emperor, pope had little power.
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Sunni, Shi't split
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Split because shi'ite believed that all caliphs had to be descendents of Muhammad.
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Muhammad
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Regarded as the last great prophet of the god Allah. He spread the religion known as Islam.
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Kublai Khan
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Great Mongol leader who invaded China and started the Yuan dynasty in China. Acted as emperor of China
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Byzantine Empire
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The former eastern Roman Empire, had a strong trade and the capital was Constantinople. Would fall to the Seljuk Turks in 1453 during the 4th Crusade.
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Feudalism
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System of Government based on giving land in exchange for loyalty and service
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Black Death
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Epidemic that wiped out 2/3 of Europe's population
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Crusades
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Lasted 200 years, was a holy war, it was fought between the knights of Europe and the Muslim Turks over Jerusalem
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Middle Ages
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Period of time where most people lived in the rural areas, the Church was a dominant power. Everyday life based around the Manor
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100 years war
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Fought for a hundred years between England and France over the throne of France
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English Legal system
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Had common law which applied to everybody without discrimination, also introduced the jury system
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Renaissance
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Rebirth of arts and literatures from the classic period of time. Also introduced the belief of humanism.
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Michelangelo
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A great sculptor and artist best known for his statue of David. It was the first nude sculpture since the Classic times of Greece
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Raphael
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Italian painter and achritect, known for perfection and grace in paintings. "school of Athens"
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Printing Press
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Invented by Johann Gutenberg, is considered to be one of the greatest inventions of all time. Increased literacy rates
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Machiavelli
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Famous political advisor who wrote The Prince which informed a noble how to become the perfect ruler and how to run the government most efficiently.
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Magellan
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Explorer for Spain who was the first to sail the Pacific and circumnavigate the world
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Slave Trade
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Trade of Africans to West Indies and Americas, would ultimately lead to the success of the American colonies.
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Tajmahal
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Best example of Muslim+Indian architecture. Was built by an Indian emperor in memory of his favorite wife.
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Troy
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Present-day turkey
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Ural Mountains
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Range of mountains that runs across east Russia
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Tigris and Euphrates
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Two rivers surounding Mesopotamia. In the Fertile Crescent
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Yellow River
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The northernmost river of China
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Alps
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range of mountains north of Italy
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Himalayas
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Range of mountains west of China
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Gobi Desert
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Large desert north of China
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Rome
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By Italy, near the Tibor River
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain and Portugal
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Asia Minor
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East of Greece and North of Saudia Arabia
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Balkan Peninsula
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Nearby Greece
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Andes Mountains
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Mountain Range in South America runs along western coast
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Persian Gulf
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Iran and Iraq
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Yucatan Peninsula
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Central American peninsula
