World History Chapter 30 Vocab – Flashcards
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Nicholas I
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clung to principles of autocracy, father of Alexander II and grandfather of Alexander III
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Alexander II
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father of Alexander III
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Alexander III
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halted all reforms in Russia formed government where he had total power, strictly censored thing in order to stop revolution, try to establish uniform Russian culture (oppress national groups)
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Nicholas II
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lead blood Sunday attack, launch Russia into WWI
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Alexandra
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wife of Nicholas II, ran government while he was away, ignored czar's advisers
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Alexis
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son of Nicholas II and Alexandra, suffered from hemophilia (life- threatening disease)
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Proletariat
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in Marxist theory, the group of workers who would overthrow the czar and come to rule Russia
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Mensheviks
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moderate, wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolutions
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Bolsheviks
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a group of revolutionary Russian Marxist who took control of Russia's government in November 1917
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V. I. Lenin
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leader of Bolsheviks, engaging personality and excellent organizer, ruthless
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Leon Trotsky
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revolutionary leader expertly commanded the Bolshevik Red Army
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Rasputin
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self-described "holy man" who claimed had magic healing powers, ease Alexis symptoms and got to make key political decisions, murdered for fear of increasing role in government affairs
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Hemophilia
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life threatening disease, Alexis
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Siberia
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reason why Russia became involved in WWI because of Slavic ties
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Provisional government
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a temporary government
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Soviet
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one of the local representative councils formed in Russia after the downfall of Czar Nicholas II
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Communist Party
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a political practicing the idea of Karl Marx and VI Lenin originally the Russian Bolshevik
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Joseph Stalin
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cold, hard, impersonal, leader of communist party, took role if dictator
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Pogroms
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an organized massacre
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Russo-Japanese War
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1904-5 conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by two countries' effects to dominate Manchuria and Korea
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"Bloody Sunday"
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January 22, 1905 petition in St. Petersburg where more than 1,000 wounded/ many killed, provoked strikes and violence
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Duma
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Russia's first Parliament created by Nicholas II
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"Peace, Land and Bread"
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Lenin's slogan
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Russia and Germany, Russia surrender large part of territory, humiliation triggered anger
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White Army
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made up of groups who supported the return to rule by czar, wanted democratic government, socialists who oppressed Lenin's style of socialism, a;; have desire to defeat the Bolshevik
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Red Army
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Bolshevik army
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New Economic Party (NEP)
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small scale version of capitalism, allowed peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of turning them over to the government, government control most things but supported private ownership and foreign investment
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Karl Marx
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philosopher with theory of communism which is a classless society after the workers seized power
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Totalitarianism
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government control over every aspect of public and private life
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Great Purge
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a campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all Communist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power
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Pravda
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communist party newspaper that examined the purpose of art
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Censorship
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examine and controlling media
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Command economy
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an economic system, in which the government makes all economic decisions
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Five-Year Plans
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plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy
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Collective farm
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a large government-controlled farm formed by combining many small farms
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Kuomintang
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the Chinese Nationalist Party, formed in 1912
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Sun Yixian
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first leader of the Kuomintang , became president of new Republic of China, consider nationalism important
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"Three Principles of the People"
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modern government based on 1) nationalism- an end to foreign control 2) people's rights- democracy 3) people's livelihood- economic
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Yuan Shikai
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president after Sun, quickly betrayed demorcratic ideals of the revolution, spark revolts
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May Fourth Movement
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a nationalist protest in China in 1919, in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference
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Mao Zedong
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an assistant librarian at Beijing University was founder of Chinese Communist Party
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Jiang Jieshi (formerly called Chiang Kai-shek)
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formerly called Chiang Kai-shek, son of middle class merchant, head of Kuomintang and then president of Nationalist Republic of China
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"swimming in the peasant sea"
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Mao's reference of taking his revolution to the countryside
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The Long March
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a 6,000 mile journey made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communist fleeing Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist forces
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Rowlatt Acts
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laws passed in the 1919 that allowed the British government in India to jail anti-British protesters without trial for as long as two years
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Amritsar Massacre
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killing by British troops of nearly 400 Indians gathered at Amritsar to protest the Powlatt Acts
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Mohandas K. Gandhi
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leader of independent movement, teachings based on major world religions, non-violnece
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Mahatma
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followers of Mohandas K. Gandhi
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Civil disobedience
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a deliberate and public refusal to obey a law considered unjust
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Boycott
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to combine in abstaining from, or preventing dealings with, as a means of intimidation or coercion
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The Salt March
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a peaceful protest against the Salt Acts in 1930 in India in which Mohandas Gandhi led his followers on a 240 mile walk to the sea, where they made their own salt from evaporated seawater
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Mustafa Kemal
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brilliant Turkish commander, become president of New Republic of Turkey, want modern nation
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"father of the Turks"
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Ataturk, nickname given to Mustafa Kemal because of his strong influence
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Reza Shah Pahlavi
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Persia's new leader, set out to modernize country
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Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud
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member of once powerful Arabian family who began successful campaign to unify Arabia, named in Saudi Arabia
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Turkey
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only territory of the Ottoman empire after World War I
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Saudi Arabia
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new name given by Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud to unified Arabia
