World History Chapter 18 Section 1 & 2 terms – Flashcards
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1st estate
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Bishops, priests, and the church. Highest class. No taxes
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2nd estate
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The nobles. No taxes
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3rd estate
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Peasants, doctors, middle class, had to pay taxes.
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Bourgeoisie
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The middle class
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Deficit spending
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Spending more money than you can afford
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Louis XVI
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Weak king of France during the start of the French Revolution. Married to Marie Antoinette. He was beheaded during the French Revolution
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Marie Aintoinette
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Queen of France, but was born in Austria. Very rich, lived in a palace is Versailles. Also beheaded during the French Revolution
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Jacques Necker
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Financial expert and advisor to King Louis XVI. He was fired after suggesting that the 1st & 2nd Estate should get taxed.
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Estates-General
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Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates. Was called for the 1st time in 175 years by Louis XVI because of financial crisis
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Cahier
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Notebooks listing their grievances
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Tennis Court Oath
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Famous Oath made on a tennis court by members of the new National Assembly. Swore to defend the liberty of the French people & not stop until they had a constitutional and more rights.
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Bastille
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A fortress in Paris used as a prison.The French revolution started when Parisians stormed it in 1789. The Parisians demanded weapons and gunpowder that believed to be there. The crowd stormed in, released prisoners, and killed guards.
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Great Fear
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Rumors of attacks on villages and towns
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National Guard
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Middle Class military. To fix the government
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Marquis de Lafayette
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Fought George Washington in the French Revolution. Headed the National Gaurd
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Paris commune
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More representation in government. Replaced the royalist government of the city. Wanted to end monarchy. Radical
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Declaration of the rights of man
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Declared that all men were born with natural and equal rights.
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August 4th 1789
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Nobles in the national assembly voted to end their own privileges. They agree that now they will pay taxes.
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Constitution of 1791
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Created a limited/constitutional monarchy. Created a legislative assembly.
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Legislative Assembly
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Had the power to make laws, collect taxes, & decide on issues
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Emigres
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Flees the country for political reasons
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Declaration of Pilnitz
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Issued by Austria and Prussia. The two monarchs made this to protect the French monarchy
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San-Culottes
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Name means: without breeches. They're the peasants. Demanded a republic
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Republic
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A government ruled by elected representatives instead of a monarch
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Jacobins
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Middle class. Also wanted republic. They helped get the word out.
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A country that is ruled by a king or queen but with limited power
