World History Chapter 10 Vocabulary – Flashcards

a desert dwelling Arabian nomad

a city in western Saudi Arabia; birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and most holy city for Islamic people; bustling town and pilgrimage center

final destination of Muhammad’s hijra and the home of the first community of Muslims; later renamed Medina

Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622

a city in western Saudi Arabia, a city where Muhammad preached

the most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca

holy book of Islam

Muslim house of worship

one of the five pillars of Islam; the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make at once in their lifetime

in Islam, an effort in God’s service, a duty

body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principle to everyday life; governs all aspects of business, government, family life, and criminal life

Muhammad’s father-in-law, the first caliph

successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims

a member of one of the largest Muslim sects; Sunnis believe that inspiration came from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers

a member of one of the two major Muslim sects; believe that the descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders

Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals; respected for piety and some were believed to have miraculous powers

members of the dynasty that reigned from Baghdad during the flowering of Muslim culture, 750-1252

the capital of the Abbasid dynasty, built on the Tigris River

members of a caliphate that united and greatly expanded the Muslim empire in the 700s

a slender tower beside a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer

a Muslim ruler

the ability to move up in social class

poet known for his history of Persia, the “Shah of Namah” (Book of Kings)

scholar, astronomer, and philosopher; best known for the ‘Rubaiyat’

art of beautiful handwriting

a scholar who put all knowledge, except the Quran, to the test of reason

devised a set of standards for the scientific study of history; emphasized economics, social structure, and avoiding bias

a mathematician who pioneered the study of algebra

studied measles and smallpox; taught to treat the mind as well as the body

wrote the ‘Canon on Medicine’ an encyclopedia of medicinal cures

the city from which the sultans ruled India from 1206 to 1526

local Hindu ruler

a religion blending Islamic and Hindu beliefs that arose in northern INdia

military leader and poet who founded the Mughal dynasty

Delhi sultanate established by Babur; Persian for “Mongol”

known as ‘Akbar the Great’; ruled the Mughal empire from 1556 to 1605

wife of Akbar’s son Jahangir, most powerful women in the pre-twentieth century India

ruled during the high point of Mughal literature, art, and architecture

a magnificent Muslim structure built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan

Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from central Asia to establish an empire from Istanbul

formerly Constantinople; Ottoman capital

sultan during the Ottoman golden age; extended their rule deep into Europe

elite force of the Ottoman army

Shiite Muslim dynasty; founded an empire in present-day Iran

Safavid king

king of the Safavid empire from 1588 to 1629;centralized the government

new capital built by Shah Abbas; became the center of the international silk trade

dynasty that took control of Iran in the late 1700s

new Iranian capital under the Qajars

Muslim prophet born in Mecca around A.D. 570; founder of Islam