World History Ch. 13 – Flashcards
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the era in european history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500-1500.
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Middle Ages
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a Germanic people who settled in the Roman Province of Gaul and established a great empire during the Middle Ages.
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Franks
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a religious community of men called monks who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
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Monastery
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concerned with world rather than spiritual matters.
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Secular
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a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987.
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Carolingian dynasty
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Charles the Great or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France and Germany.
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Charlemagne
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What was the most important event in the unification of the Germanic kingdom
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Small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman Provinces. The borders of those kingdoms changed constantly with the fortunes of war.
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What were three roots of medieval culture in Western Europe?
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The classical heritage from Rome the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church the custom of various Germanic tribes
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What are three ways that civilization in Western Europe declined after the Roman Empire fell
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1. Disruption of trade- merchants faced invasions from both land and sea 2. Downfall of the cities-with the fall of the Roman Empire cities were abandon as centers of administrations 3. Population shifts-Roman centers of trade collapsed, nobles retreaded to rural areas
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What was the most important achievement of Pope Gregory 1?
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Gregory broadened the authority of the papacy or peoples office. Under Gregory the papacy also became a secular or worldly power involved in politics. He used church revenues to raise armies, repair lords and help the poor.
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How was the relationship between a Frankish king and the pope beneficial to both
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The relation between the Frankish king and the pope was beneficial because the king becomes the Roman Emperor and the pope spreads the religion Christianity to the kings people
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Why was Charles Martel victory at the battle of tours so important for Christianity
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Charles defeated Muslim raiders from Spain in the battle of Tours in 732. If the Muslims had won, western Europe might have become part of the Muslim empire
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What was Charlemagne's greatest achievement
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He was the first ruler to expand his empire since the fall of the Western Roman Empire. He expanded his territory into what is now Italy and Spain.
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a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals.
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Lord
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an estate granted to a vessel by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe.
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Fief
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a person who received a grant or land from in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services.
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Vassal
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an armored warrior who fought on a horseback.
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Knight
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a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate.
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Serf
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a lord's estate
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Manor
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A family's payment of one tenth of its income to church.
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Tithe
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What was the main reason feudalism developed
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- Europeans were in fear from raids (Vikings and Magyars) -No strong central government so local leaders had to protect
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What groups invaded Europe in the 800s
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The Magyars, the Vikings, and Muslims
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What obligations did a peasant have to the lord of the manor
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the constant upkeep and maintenance of the land, as well a promise to give up the land upon command. Peasants had to pay taxes to their lord and church
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What were the three social classes of the feudal system
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nobles, knights and the peasants
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How was a manor largely self sufficient both militarily and economically during the early Middle Ages
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The manor system rested on a set of rights and obligations between the lord and his serfs. The lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland and protection from bandits. In return the surfs tended the lord's land, cared for his animals and performed other tasks to maintain the estate. and they paid their lord taxes on all the grain ground at the lords mill, on marriage and they paid a tithe to the church.
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What benefits do you think a medieval manor provided to the serfs who lived there
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The feudal system was based on rights and obligations. The peasants did the work on the manor in exchange for protection against invaders and a shelter to live in. The conditions were harsh, but it was much worse to be left to the vikings.
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A code by which knights were to live by. They were to protect 3 lords: Earthly lord, Heavenly lord, and chosen lady. Also to aid the less fortunate.
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Chivalry
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A recreational battle between two groups of knights. Watched by upper class (lords, ladies, kings) and helped with increasing battle skills.
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Tournamnet
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Song and dance men that traveled from castle to castle. Often sang of the great joys and depressing sorrows of love and desire. Composed their own verses often.
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Troubadour
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What were two inventions from Asia that changed the technology of warfare in Western Europe
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Two inventions from Asia that changed European warfare are the leather saddle and the leather stirrup.
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Who were the occupants of a castle
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Generally, Lords, Ladies, their knights, their families, and their servants lived in castles.
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What were some of the themes of medieval literature
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Some themes of medieval literature include knighthood, chivalry, tournaments, war, heroic actions, love, and idealized castle life.
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How important a role did the knights play in the feudal system
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Knights played a very important role in the feudal system both through their perpetuation of the feudal system of land use ; ownership and through their role, as a warrior class, in conflicts and as subjects in art and literature.
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How was the code of chivalry like the idea of romantic love
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The code of chivalry and the idea of romantic love were similar in that they both involved a large amount of idealization and make-believe; they were both ideologies that didn't really exist in the actual world.
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In what ways were the lives of a noblewoman and a peasant woman the same? Different?
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While noblewomen and peasant women were often involved in the labor and work of their families, whether defending a castle or feeding chickens, peasant women, due to their general condition as peasants, often did significantly more household and agricultural work than their noble counterparts, who spent much of their time praying.
