World Geography : Chapter 11 (Europe’s Physical Geography) – Flashcards
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polder
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drained area used for farming and settlement
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dikes
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earthen or stone banks that are created to hold back water
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fjords
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long, narrow, steep sided inlets
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loess
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fine, rich, wind borne soil
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foehns
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dry winds from the mountains
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avalanche
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destructive mass which slides down a mountainside
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mistral
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strong north wind from the Alps
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siroccos
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high, dry winds from North Africa
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chaparral
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shrubs and small trees
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permafrost
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soil that is permanently frozen below the surface
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seacoast
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Most of Europe is within a relatively short distance of a ____________.
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the Netherlands
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Twenty five percent of ________________ is below sea level, so dikes have been built to hold back water.
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Scandinavian
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Fjords are a common feature in the far northern _________________ Peninsula of Europe.
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Iberian
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Spain and Portugal make up the southwestern _________ Peninsula of Europe
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Iceland
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Sitting atop the Mid Atlantic Ridge, __________ has many volcanoes and hot springs.
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Great Britain
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The British Isles contain two main islands, Ireland and ______________.
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Mediterranean
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European islands in the _________________ Sea include Sardinia, Sicily, and Crete.
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Alps
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A range of high, rugged mountains, the ______ run from France to the Balkans.
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England
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The huge expanse of the North European Plain extends from Russia in the east to ___________ and France in the west.
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industry
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Europe's development of modern ____________ was boosted by rich deposits of coal and iron ore.
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coal
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Large deposits of _______ are found in the United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine, and Poland
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North Sea
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Large quantities of oil and natural gas are located under the _________________ and are an energy source for Europe.
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fjords
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long, deep inlets cut by glaciers
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Strait of Gibraltar
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link between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean
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Iceland
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country south of the Arctic Circle in the North Atlantic Ocean
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Greece
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country that borders the Aegean Sea
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North European Plain
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area extending from southeastern England to France, Poland, and Russia
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Eurasia
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Europe and Asia share a common landmass
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Europe
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has an irregular coastline, an unusually long shape , and touches many bodies of water
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subregions of Europe
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Northern Europe Eastern Europe Western Europe Central Europe Southern Europe
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Northern Peninsulas
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Scandinavia and Jutland
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Scandinavian Peninsula
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Norway - known for fjords caused by glaciation, many inland lakes, and many good natural harbors. Sweden - less mountainous than Norway, inland lakes and gently sloping lowlands to the Baltic Sea
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Jutland Peninsula
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forms mainland Denmark as it extends into the North Sea
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Southern Peninsula
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Iberian , Apennine, Balkans
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Iberian Peninsula
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extends out from mainland Europe. Home of Spain and Portugal. Separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Mediterranean Sea. with the 20 mile wide Strait of Gibraltar separating Europe from Africa. For much of their history, the people of Iberia were cut off and separated from much of Europe because of the Pyrenees.
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Apennine / Italian Peninsula
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A mountain chain that extends from the Alps and runs north to south down Italy
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Balkan Peninsula
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Lies in southeastern Europe, borders the Ionian and Adriatic Seas on the west Aegean and Black Seas on the east. Composed of many river valleys and other smaller mountain chains
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Iceland Island
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A volcanic island. Its capital city is Reykjavik, known for glaciers, hot springs, and volcanic activity
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British Isles
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Located in northwest coast of Europe. Known mainly as Great Britain and Ireland.
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Cyprus Island
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Located in eastern Mediterranean. Shared between ethnic Greeks and Turks
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Sicily Island
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Off the coast of southeastern Italy
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other smaller islands
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Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, and the Balearic Islands
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Meseta Mountains
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Spain's central plateau
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Massif Central Mountains
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France's central highlands
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Other mountains
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Pyrenees mountains, the Alps, Apennine Mountains
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The Northern European Plain
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Consists of many rivers and fertile soil = excellent for agriculture
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loess
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Fine, rich soil
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Balkan Peninsula
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Craggy landscape makes overland travel difficult. Holds a tangle of mountain ranges and valleys
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Jutland Peninsula
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Flat plains or low hills make up most of the interior. Forms the mainland part of Denmark and extends into the North Sea
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Apennine Peninsula
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a geologically young mountain chain. Extends like a giant boot into the Mediterranean Sea
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Scandinavian Peninsula
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fjords on the Atlantic coastline. Home to Norway, Sweden, and Finland
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Iberian Peninsula
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Extends off southwestern Europe and home to Spain and Portugal. separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Mediterranean
