World Civ I Unit: 2 – Flashcards
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the founder of Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama
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the strict social structure of Indian life
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Caste System
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During his reign, the collection of religious traditions called "Hinduism" flourished, becoming the dominant faith of the time
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Gupta
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definition of ahimsa; Asoka sought to rule in accordance with this as ruler of the Mauryan Empire
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nonviolence
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the founder of the Mauryan Empire who followed the teachings of Kautilya; his Arthashastra became the most influential political treatise in Indian history
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Chandragupta
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one of the enduring institutions of Indian society along with the extended family and the autonomous village
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Caste System
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the founder of the Jains
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Mahavira
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what Buddha said to avoid in his teaching which referred to when he said that people should follow the Middle Path
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Asceticism and Indulgence
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the principle that every action influences the cycle of life and death
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Karma
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a collection of texts of religious and philosophical nature; written between 800-500 BCE when Indian society started to question the traditional Vedic religious order
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Upinishads
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in this, a person's place in society is determined by heredity
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Caste
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"Song of the Lord"; discussed the intricate combination of ethics and action
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Bhagavad Gita
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"Attack the weak, seek allies against the strong, bide one's time with equals, and practice duplicity wherever and whenever necessary," is this man's political strategy
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Kautilya of Magadha
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another word for 'kings' that arose and were accorded godlike stature by the 6th century BCE with the growing power of states and the religion of the Brahamans (priests)
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Maharajas
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so potent a symbol of power and well-being in the Vedic culture and religion that its sacrifice became the most sacred of all ceremonies
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Horse
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a god who is portrayed as the embodiment of the Vedic heroic ideal; nearly a quarter of the Rig-Veda celebrate the exploits of him
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Indra
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scholars dispute the migration of these people into Northern India due to lack of artifacts, conflict of interpretation, and a growing body of scholarship
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Aryan
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two established cities of the Indus civilization
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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
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the language of the Vedas
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Sanskrit
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the earlist of the Vedas; it is currently believed to have been composed between about 1400-900 BCE
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Rig-Veda
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a symbol that is long associated with the cyclical nature of life in Indian and Buddhist art and is 1st found in the cities of the Indus
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Swastika
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an opaque, dark blue gemstone that became a coveted item among Harappan luxury good
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Lapis Lazuli
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the fertile banks where Harappan civilization developed along
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Indus River
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a large distinct area of land somewhat smaller than a continent; what geographers define the region encompassed by the modern states of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
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subcontinent
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the endless and seemingly unbreakable cycle of life and death
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Samsara
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what the growth of is reflected in the novel Journey to the West based on the monk Xuan Zang's pilgrimages
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Buddhism
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the invention that completely changed how humans used horses and ushered in a new type of warfare
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Stirrup
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the overland trade routes that connected eastern and western Eurasia, beginning at the end of the fourth century BCE
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Silk Road
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the emperor that ruled during the high point of the Han Dynasty; his reign means "Martial Emperor"
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Wudi
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one of the most important areas of scholarships during the Han Dynasty
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History
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the massive project of constructing the 1,400 mile Great Wall of China; first emperor
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Qin Shi Huangdi
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according to Confucius, a society will foster social institutions that encourage proper behavior if run by these
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Junzi
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in 1974, a Chinese farmer found 8,000 life-sized clay soldiers in the First Emperor's ________
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tomb
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the nomadic tribes that were enemies of the Chinese dynasties
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Xiongnu
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the destruction of the books of Confucianism and other schools took place during this;
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Qin Dynasty
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legalism was the philosophy of the state under this dynasty; the first fully unified government in Chinese history was also under this dynasty
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Qin
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the significant cultural contribution of the Shang Dynasty was the work that was cast (made) in this
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bronze
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the primary document of Daoism
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Dao Te Ching
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a core belief in this is: the need to force people to behave properly through the use of restrictive regulations
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legalism
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what Confucius believed that a primary basis for granting the right to participate in government should be
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merit
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where the conversations between Confucius and his disciples are found
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Analects
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a system of state relations where less powerful states directly or implicitly agree to defer to the lead of the most powerful state
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hegemony
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the Zhou system of decentralized government that gave considerably autonomy to local rulers
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feudalism
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the dynasty that introduced the Mandate of Heaven and served to legitimized its power; the lengthiest dynasty in Chinese history
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Zhou Dynasty
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the first Chinese dynasty to equip its army with chariots
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Shang Dynasty
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where the earliest example of Chinese writing are found
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oracle bones
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the earliest of three dynasties where "The Book of History" was a principal documentary source for information about China's them
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Xia Dynasty
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where the Neolithic Longshan culture developed
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Yellow River
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where the Indus River would be found today
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Pakistan
