WHAP midterm – Flashcards
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What roles did cities play in their societies?
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While cities in general continued to play roles they had played in the past as governmental, religious and commercial centers, many older cities declined at the same time that numerous cities took on these established roles
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How did social and labor systems develop during the post classical era?
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-free peasant agriculture -nomadic pastoralism -craft production -guild organization -coerced/unfree labor -government imposed labor taxes and military obligations
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How did social and gender hierarchies develop
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As in the previous period, social structures were shaped larger largely by class and caste hierarchies. Patriarchy persisted, however, in some areas, and women excersised more power and influence, most notably among the Mongols and in west Africa, Japan and Southeast Asia.
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What new labor forms developed?
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New forms of coerced labor - free peasant resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts (china) the demand for slaves both military and domestic purposes increased particularly in central Eurasia, parts of Africa and eastern Mediterranean
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How did some gender roles and family structures changes?
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The diffusion of Buddhism. Christianity, Islam and new-Confucianism often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure
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Which luxury good came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system?
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Silk
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Which Eurasian region was least influenced by Islam in the post classical period
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China
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What contributed to the tightening of patriarchal restrictions in Song dynasty China?
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Revival of Confucianism or Commericalizing Economy or Images of Female beauty that emphisized small size
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Who founded the Mongol empire and became known as Chinggis Khan?
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Temujin
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What are three legacies of trade during this period
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Spread of religion Spread of disease Economic specialization Spread of culture
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The first family dynasty to rule over the Islamic Empire was known as the...
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Umayyads
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China regained its unity after 581CE under which dynasty?
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Sui
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What region was conquered but not occupied by the Mongols?
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Russia
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Which of the following did NOT directly take part in the Indian Ocean trade during this period?
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Europe
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What sect of Islam renounced the material world and saught a direct and personal union with Allah?
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Sufis
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What Indian caste was most attracted to Islam?
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Untouchables
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Why did Mongol leaders use terror as a tactic?
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In order to scare rivals into submission
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What represents the most significant cause of growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia from 1000 - 1450
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Trade
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What was the name of the fourteenth centure scholar that wrote extensively about his travels in the Muslim world
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Ibn Battuta
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Under what dynasties did China have its golden age?
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Tang and song
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Which of the following was not incoporated into the Mongol Empire? China, Perisa, Japan, Korea
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Japan
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Arguably, trade helped spread this religion the most.
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Islam
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The expansion of communication and trade networks in afro-eurasia from 600 - 1450 resulted in the spread of what from south asia
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Technology and sciencetific concepts
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A fast ripening strain of rice from this country led to a doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties.
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Vietman
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Give three reasons for the success of the Mongols
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Leadership Discipline Loyalty Reputation Resourcefulness
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How did Pope Urban motivate people to fight in the Crusades
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Through the promise of salvation
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The ideas of "holy wars" and crusading in the Christian world are paralleled by what Islamic idea, at least in the latter's political (or "lesser") expression?
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Jihad
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How did the spread of Christianity in Western Europe resemble the spread of Buddhism in China?
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The prospect of relative freedom from male control drew substantial numbers of women to both
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Fuedalism in Western Europe during the post classical period most closely resembled feudalism in this country
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Japan
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List two regions where Europeans launched the crusades.
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Spain Baltic Sea Eastern Mediteranean
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What were the biological effects of post classical trade?
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There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughout the eastern hemisphere along the trade routes
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What new foods, crops, and agricultural practices diffused?
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Bananas in Africa, new rice varieties in East Asia and Muslim agriculture revolution
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What diseases and pathogens also spread via post classical trade networks
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The spread of epidemic diseases including the Black Death, followed the well established paths of trade and military conquest
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How well did post classical so cities know/understand each other
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Muslim merchant communities in Indian Ocean region, Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia, Jewish communities in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin, or along the silk roads. The writing of certain inter regional travelers illustrate both the extent and the limitations of inter-cultural knowledge and understanding
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How did post classical trade affect the diffusion of literary , artistic and cultural traditions?
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Literary, artistic and cultural traditions diffused - influence of neo - Confucianism am Buddhism in east Asia, Hinduism and Buddhism in SE Asia -the influence of Islam in subsurface Africa and Southeast Asia -the influence of toltec/mexica and inca traditions in meso and Andean america
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How did the post classical trade affect the diffusion of scientific and technological traditions?
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