question

Which state was under communist rule at some point in the twentieth century?

answer

Afghanistan

question

The event that provided a decisive opening for the Chinese Communist Party to take control of the government was

answer

the Japanese invasion of 1937.

question

Which of the following statements is true of early communist China?

answer

Its educational system was much less developed than that of the Soviet Union.

question

What political development in the United States is associated with the cold war?

answer

The "imperial" presidency

question

Which of the following remains the most unreformed and repressive of the communist countries today?

answer

North Korea

question

Which of the following best describes the communist world in the second half of the twentieth century?

answer

Rivalry and hostility marked the communist world as much or more than solidarity and cooperation.

question

Which of the following did the Bolsheviks promise to the people Russia?

answer

Land for peasants

question

Which of the following was a feature of Mao's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of the mid-1960s?

answer

It sought to bring health care and education to the countryside.

question

Why was the United States able to pursue triangular diplomacy with China and the Soviet Union in the 1970s?

answer

Because of their growing enmity, both China and the Soviet Union were keen to establish separate relations with the United States.

question

Which of the following was a critical part of China's economic reform after 1976?

answer

China sought to attract foreign capitalists with tax breaks.

question

In the 1950s, an intense wave of fear of communists and their political repression in the United States was known as

answer

McCarthyism.

question

What impact did the civil war that raged from 1918 to 1921 have on Russian society?

answer

Many lower-class men found opportunities for social mobility.

question

What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns, the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Cultural Revolution"?

answer

They led to the death and ruin of tens of millions and the widespread discrediting of communism.

question

At the end of World War II, which state had the world's most productive economy?

answer

United States

question

Which of the following was an outcome of Gorbachev's reforms?

answer

The collapse of the Soviet Union

question

Which country was the first to experience a successful communist revolution?

answer

Russia

question

Which of the following best reflects the situation in Eastern Europe following World War II?

answer

Local communist parties in Eastern Europe enjoyed some support after World War II because of their role in resisting the Nazis.

question

Which of the following was a result of urbanization in both China and the Soviet Union?

answer

Exploitation of the countryside to provide resources for modern industry

question

Which of the following best statements describes the experience of third-world countries during the cold war?

answer

Third-world countries had no single shared experience, with their individual circumstances running the spectrum from being the pawn of a superpower to actually benefiting from the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union.

question

Who was in charge of the Soviet Union when it disintegrated in 1991?

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev

question

In what kind of societies did a majority of successful communist revolutions in the twentieth century take place?

answer

Largely agrarian societies

question

Which of the following best describes the political situation in the decade that followed the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917?

answer

The Soviet Union was the only communist regime in the world.

question

Which of the following was an outcome of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution?

answer

Mao had to call the army out to restore order and to stop violence that threatened civil war.

question

What distinguished the extension of communism into Asia as compared to Europe following World War II?

answer

Asia was the scene of the most destructive and prolonged hot wars during the cold war.

question

Which of the following was a critical part of China's economic reform after 1976?

answer

Managers of state-run factories were encouraged to act like private owners by seeking profits.

question

From a communist perspective, which of the following is the best definition of socialism?

answer

An intermediate stage on the way to a final goal of social equality and collective living

question

Which was a shared feature of the French, Russian, and Chinese revolutions?

answer

All three dispossessed landed aristocracies.

question

Which of the following reflected the limits of the feminist movements in the Soviet Union and China?

answer

Women very rarely appeared in the top political leadership of either country.

question

Which of the following is true of the nuclear standoff during the cold war?

answer

Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, both powers continued to expand their arsenals.

question

Why has 1989 been dubbed a "miracle year"?

answer

Popular movements toppled communist governments throughout Eastern Europe.

question

What helped the communists to earn the respect of China's rural population?

answer

Many peasants respected the communists because of their vigorous resistance against the Japanese.

question

Why did communist regimes generate terror and violence on such a massive scale?

answer

Perceived enemies came to include high-ranking members and long-term supporters of the Communist Party.

question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between communist states during the cold war?

answer

The Soviet Union invaded both Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

question

What changed in China after Deng Xiaoping took control in 1976?

answer

Mao was severely criticized for some of his policies.

question

What was collectivization?

answer

Communal farms created to replace family-owned enterprises

question

Which of the following was an outcome of the Chinese initiative to form enormous "people's communes" during the Great Leap Forward of the 1950s?

answer

It led to administrative chaos; disruption of marketing networks and bad weather combined with the collectivization project to produce a massive famine.

question

How did the Chinese communist revolution differ from its Russian counterpart?

answer

The ideas or Karl Marx were less well established in China than Russia at the opening of the twentieth century.

question

How did the Chinese communist revolution differ from its Russian counterpart?

answer

The Chinese Revolution was a much longer and more drawn-out struggle.

question

Which statement best describes the revolutionary strategy used by Chinese communists to seize power?

answer

They focused on securing the support of China's rural population.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the establishment of communist rule in China?

answer

It was a decades-long violent struggle.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the development of communist feminism?

answer

It was a largely state-directed initiative.

question

Which earlier revolution was a model for the revolutions in both Russia and China?

answer

French Revolution

question

Which of the following countries experienced a successful communist revolution before the 1970s?

answer

Mongolia

question

What distinguished the French Revolution from the Russian and Chinese revolutions?

answer

Only the Russian and Chinese revolutions carried an explicit message of gender equality.

question

What was Comintern?

answer

The Comintern was an organization through which Soviet authorities sought to influence the policies and actions of other communist countries in Europe.

question

What was the Warsaw Pact?

answer

It was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist states.

question

Which of the following Latin American countries established a communist government allied with the Soviet Union?

answer

Cuba

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Soviet and Chinese industrialization during the twentieth century?

answer

They experienced unprecedented economic growth through massive mobilization of their nations' human and material resources.

question

What was the Zhenotdel?

answer

It was the name given to a special organization within the Communist Party that dealt with women's affairs.

question

Which of the following was a distinct difference between communist feminism in China and Russia?

answer

Only in Russia was there talk of free love and the withering away of the family.

question

What did "building socialism" mean to Communist Party leaders?

answer

Modernization and industrialization

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