WH Unit 8 Review – Flashcards
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Explain the results of the Peace of Augsberg in 1555.*
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allowed each prince to decide which religion-Catholic or Lutheran-would be followed in his lands
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Discuss Martin Luther's reaction when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social and economic change in Germany in 1524.
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denounced it and suppressed the rebellion with the support of nobles killing tens of thousands and leaving thousands homeless
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Identify the person under whose leadership the Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality.
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John Calvin
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Explain why Anabaptists believed infants should not be baptized.
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they said they were too young to understand what it means to accept the Christian faith
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Identify the sect to which today's Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religious ancestry.
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anabaptists
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Explain why Sir Thomas More was executed by Henry VIII of England.
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he rejected the idea the Act of Supremacy...made the king the head of the Church of England
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Identify the events that contributed to or resulted in the formation of the Church of England.*
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Pope refused to cancel Henry's marriage; Act of Supremacy; closed down Catholic covenants and monasteries
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Identify the steps taken by the Council of Trent to end abuses in the Catholic Church.*
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provided stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption among the clergy and also established schools to create a better educated clergy who could challenge Protestant teachings
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Discuss the results of the Council of Trent.*
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reaffirmed the traditional Catholic view that Protestants had challenged and declared that salvation comes through faith and good works
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Describe the ways the Jesuits defended, restored, or spread the Catholic faith.*
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became advisors to Catholic rulers; set up schools that taught humanist and Catholic beliefs and enforced discipline and obedience; slipped into Protestant lands in disguise to minister to Catholics
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Identify the chief source of spices to which Europeans searched for new trade routes in the 1400s.
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Moluccas
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Explain why the southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope.
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opened the way for a sea route to Asia
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Identify the first African port occupied by the Portuguese in the early 1400s.
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Ceuta
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Explain how Bartholomeu Dias sought a sea route to Asia in 1460.
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he rounded the southern tip of Africa...this opened a sea route to Asia
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Identify the islands explored by Christopher Columbus on his 1492 voyage.
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Islands of the Caribbean
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Explain what the Line of Demarcation was, who created it, and why it was created.
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it was created by the pope and stated that he would divide the non-european world in to 2 zones. It was created because the Spanish would have any lands west of the line and the Portuguese would have anything east of their line.
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Describe the way in which Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513.
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hacked a passage westward through the tropical forests of Panama
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Discuss the methods used by Alfonso de Albequerque to establish Portuguese outposts in India in the early-1500s.*
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Identify the first Europeans who challenged Portuguese domination of Asian trade.
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Identify the Spanish trading center through which large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asia.
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Identify the nation that captured Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641 and developed a monopoly on trade in the Spice Islands.
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Identify the name for the Indian troops who helped the British and French armies fight the Mughals.
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Describe the meeting and interaction of Columbus and the Taino people.*
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Explain why the Aztec emperor sent gifts to the Spanish when he heard about their (the Spanish's) arrival.
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Identify the lands added to the Spanish empire by Pizarro.*
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Discuss the actions the Spanish took in their effort to gain control of the Incas.*
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Describe how the Spanish king maintained control over his overseas empire.
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Explain how Spain ensured that its colonies would be profitable.
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Identify the highest social class in Spanish colonial society.
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Describe who the creoles were in Spanish colonial society.
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Discuss the provisions of the Treaty of Tordesillas.
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Identify the first leg of the triangular trade route.
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Describe the New Laws of the Indies enacted by the Spanish in 1542.
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Identify the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade.
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Identify the first foods to be introduced TO the AMERICAS, FROM EUROPE through the Colombian Exchange.
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Explain why widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s.
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Describe the economic system of capitalism.*
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Describe what joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to do.
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Identify what the establishment of the "putting-out system" would later lead to.
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Identify the mercantilist policy that was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition.
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