WGU C179 – Flashcards
128 test answers
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Collaboration
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Develop ideas and plans with others. Provide and receive critical feedback
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Ability to Experiment
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Create and test promising new alternatives, consistent with available resources
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The price of a book at a bookstore
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Data
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The average final exam grade for a class
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Information
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The top-selling book for the month
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Information
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The grade achieved on a final exam
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Data
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What is the relationship between data and information?
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Information is created when meaning is applied to data
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Which information system component provides the instructions for using a system or for backing up system data?
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Procedures
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What are two components of a business information system?
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Procedures and Data
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Which type of information do executives require to make strategic decisions?
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Coarsely granular
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Which type of component controls the system resources and productivity applications of an information system?
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Software
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Which business information system component can be processed and then converted into meaningful information?
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Data
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Which role represents the first step toward mastering computer skills?
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Computer user
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What are three examples of business processes?
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Submitting a customer feedback form, Establishing digital rights management and Archiving data
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Which activity is an example of a business process?
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Maintaining inventory
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Nationwide office supply store
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Fully automated
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Fast-food franchise
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Partially automated
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Farmer's market produce vendor
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Manual
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Small owner-operated bakery with only one location
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Manual
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Boutique retail store that features locally produced products
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Partially automated
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Which phrase explains the relationship between business processes and information systems?
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Business processes provide the information required for creating an information system
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BPMN - Business Process Management Notation
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Standard flow chart symbols to document a business process
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Circle with thin boarder
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Start
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Circle with thick boarder
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End
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Diamond shape
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Decision or gateway
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Rectangle with round edges
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Activity (+ indicates sub-process defined)
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Square with fold on top right
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Data
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Arrow with a dashed line
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Data flow
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Arrow with a solid line
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Control Flow
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Dashed line before bracket
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Annotation
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What is process modeling?
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A graphical representation of the relationship between components
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Competitive Advantage for products
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1) Create a new product or service 2) Enhance products or services 3) Differentiate products or services
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Competitive Advantage for process
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1) Lock in customers and buyers 2) Lock in suppliers 3) Raise barriers to marker entry 4) Establish alliances 5) Reduce Cost
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What are two key components of a business process?
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Activity and Resource
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Resource
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Inventory database
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Data flow
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Recording inventory changes
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Local area network (LAN)
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Computers connected at a single physical site
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Wide area network (WAN)
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Computers connected between two or more separated sites
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What are the two main reasons that organizations create information systems?
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To solve a major problem and to achieve goals and objectives
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What determines organizational goals, objectives and information system structure, features and functions?
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Competitive strategy
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Key researcher and thinker in competitive analysis
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Michael Porter
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Porters Five Forces Model - List competitive forces determine industry profitability
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1) Bargaining power of customers 2) Threat of substitutions 3) Bargaining power of suppliers 4) Threat of new entrants 5) Rivalry
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Porters Five Force Model - Bargaining power of customers
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Bargaining leverage, Buyer volume / information / incentives, Brand identity, Price sensitivity, Threat of backward integration, Product differentiation, Buyer concentration vs. industry, Substitutes available
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Porters Five Force Model - Threat of substitution
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Switching costs, Buyer inclination to substitute, Price-performance, trade-off of substitutes
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Porters Five Force Model - Bargaining power of suppliers
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Supplier concentration, Importance of volume to supplier, Differentiation of inputs, Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation, Switching costs of firms in the industry, Presence of substitute inputs, Threat of forward integration, Cost relative to total purchases in industry
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Porters Five Force Model - Threats of new entrants
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Absolute cost advantages, Proprietary learning curve, Access to inputs, Government policy, Economies of scale, Capital requirements, Brand identity, Switching costs, Access to distribution, Expected retaliation, Proprietary products
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Porters Five Force Model - Rivalry
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Exit barriers, Industry concentration, Fixed costs/Value added, Industry growth, Intermittent overcapacity, Product differences, Switching costs, Brand identity, Diversity of rivals, Corporate stakes
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Which component of Porter's five forces industry analysis model describes an influence that can restrict an organization's ability to raise prices without losing customers?
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Customer bargaining power
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Which management model was developed by Michael Porter to help organizations identify opportunities to save money and integrate information systems?
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Value Chain = 1) Inbound Logistics 2) Operations/Manufacturing 3) Outbound Logistics 4) Sales and Marketing 5) Customer Service
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Porter Value Chain - 1) Inbound Logistics
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Receiving, storing, and disseminating to the products
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Porters Value Chain - 2) Operations/Manufacturing
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Transforming inputs into the final products
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Porters Value Chain - 3) Outbound Logistics
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Collecting, storing, and physically distributing the products to buyers
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Porters Value Chain - 4) Sales and Marketing
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Inducing buyers to purchase the products and providing a means for them to do so
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Porters Value Chain - 5) Customer Service
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Assisting customers' use of the products and thus maintaining and enhancing the products' value
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What are the main criteria used to define the main strategies of Porter's generic strategies model?
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Differentiation and Cost by Industry-wide and Focus
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A small business wants higher profits and does not want to compete with larger businesses for lowest cost. Which strategy from Porter's generic strategies model should the business implement?
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Narrow differentiation
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Which three activities are primary activities of Porter's value chain model?
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Inbound logistics, Operations and Service (others are: Outbound Logistics, Marketing and Sales)
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Porters Value Chain - Inbound Logistics
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Primary Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Operations
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Primary Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Outbound Logistics
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Primary Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Marketing and Sales
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Primary Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Procurement
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Support Activity
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Porters Value Chain - HR management
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Support Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Technological Development
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Support Activity
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Porters Value Chain - Infrastructure
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Support Activity
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An organization wants to gain a competitive advantage by maximizing staff efficiency. Which method should the organization use to accomplish this goal?
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Automation
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What are two primary factors to consider when developing a new information system for an existing organization?
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Technological changes and Personnel requirements
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Which term describes the use of policies, practices, and tools by systems developers to manage a project's resources? Such resources include documents, schedules, designs, program code, test suites, and any other shared resource needed to complete the project.
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Configuration control (Might be version control)
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What is a possible drawback of outsourcing the development of an information system?
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Decreased communication between the company and its clients
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What is the purpose of prototyping, in the context of systems development?
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To provide evidence of usability
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BPM - Business Process Management
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Cyclical process for systematically creating, assessing, and altering business processes. Begins with a model of the existing business process, called an as-is model
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OMG - Object Management Group
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Software-industry standards organization
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SDLC - Systems Development Like Cycle
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Traditional process used to develop information systems and applications
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SDLC - Systems Development Like Cycle 5 Phases
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1) Define System 2) Determine Requirements 3) Design System Components 4) Implement System 5) Maintain System
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SDLC - Define System
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Define goals and scope, Assess feasibility (cost, schedule, technical, organizational), form project team and plan project
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SDLC - Determine Requirements
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Conduct user interviews, Evaluate existing systems, Determine new forms/reports/queries, Identify new application features and functions, Consider security, Create the data model and Consider all five components
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SDLC - Design System Components
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Determine hardware specifications, Determine program specifications (depends on source), Design the database, Design procedures and Create job definitions
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SDLC - Implement System
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Build system components, Conduct unit test, Integrate components, Conduct integrated test and Convert to new system
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SDLC - Implement System - System Conversion Types
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Pilot - portion of the business, Phased - test piece at a time, Parallel - Same time, Plunge (direct install) - cut over
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SDLC - Maintain System
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Record request for change: failures, enhancements, Prioritize requests, Fix failures: patches, service packs, new releases
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What are two purposes of prototyping a product?
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Setting user expectations and minimizing development time
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What are two benefits of using a prototype approach for information systems?
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User involvement provides valuable feedback to developers and the final system is likely to meet user requirements
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What are two key features of object-oriented systems development?
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Supports data modeling and unstructured
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Polymorphic
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The ability to appear in different forms
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Encapsulation
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The act of storing similar components together
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Classes
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Collection of similar components
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Objects
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Entities that can interact with one another
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Rapid application development
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A methodology with simple business requirements, supports a narrow project scope, a short development time frame, and a low number of users
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Unified Process - Methodology
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Is not a single concrete prescriptive process, but rather an adaptable process framework, intended to be tailored by the development organizations and software project teams that will select the elements of the process that are appropriate for their needs
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Extreme Programming (XP) - Methodology
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Encourages (or requires depending on your point of view) "Pair Programming" where developers always work in pairs, and "Test-Driven Development" where unit tests are always created in conjunction with the system under development. Extreme Programming may be a good choice for prototype technologies and research projects.
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What is a characteristic of the activity planning process when using agile systems methodology?
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Iterative
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What are two characteristics of a project that uses an agile method such as extreme programming (XP)?
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The project develops incrementally and the project is collaborative
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What is a primary characteristic of extreme programming (XP)?
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Frequent customer feedback
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Extreme programming Order
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Planning Designing Coding Testing Listening
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What are two purposes of information systems management?
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Maintain data integrity within an organization and Replacing legacy systems with new systems that use emerging technologies
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IS steering committee
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Keeps systems from becoming obsolete by deciding to replace legacy systems with new systems that use emerging technologies
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IT department
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Owns the hardware, installs and maintains the software, and manages permissions
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What are two roles of the IT department in information systems management?
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To ensure the structure and data integrity of each system and To manage data security
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A pharmacy customer wants to purchase an over-the-counter medication, but only if his coworker did not make a similar purchase earlier the same day. The customer asks the pharmacy clerk to retrieve the coworker's purchase records to verify whether the medication was purchased. How can the clerk assist the customer in an ethical manner?
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Don't release any information on the customer's co-worker, but explain the return policy in case they find they've made duplicate purchases
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What are two ethical concerns in regard to information systems?
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Ensuring information security and information accuracy
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Which two approaches can business managers use to help manage ethics?
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Form cross-department ethics committees and Conduct formal ethics training
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What should a company's code of ethics include?
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Ethics training for all employees and Scenarios of unethical behaviors and their resolution
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The electricity in a company's main office building often fluctuates. Which type of threat does this present to the company's information systems?
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Physical
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Which threat source is categorized as an intentional physical threat to information systems?
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Purposeful flooding of an office
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Which two methods can an organization use to protect its software systems from external threats?
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Deploy a hardware firewall and Do not permit employees to open attachments from unknown external senders
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What are two security options that protect the hardware component of an organization's information systems?
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Effective alarm system and Disk drive locks
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A company is developing a backup strategy for small amount of data. Backup files must be created and stored at the organization's headquarters, and copies must be stored offsite. Which backup should the company use?
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Optical media
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A company is developing a backup strategy for large amount of data. There are no specific data restoration time requirements, but the company must minimize costs. Which backup media should the company use?
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Magnetic tape
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At 4:00 a.m., a major online retailer's operations department receives a report that the company's website is not accessible due to intense and unrelenting network traffic blocking all users. An investigation indicates that a coordinated denial of service attack (DOS) is in process. A continuation of that attack will have a significant detrimental impact on the business. What should the operations manager do first?
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Follow the procedures in the disaster recovery plan
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In the context of a disaster recovery plan, what is a hot site?
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A remote data recovery site, often operated by a third party
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Car rental agencies collect personal information and payment information from customers. Which three types of information should be protected?
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Credit card number, Driving license number and Home address
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Which type of corporate information should be protected because it would be useful to the company's competitors?
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Internal financial information
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What are two reasons that employees should report all security compromises?
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Protect the company and its customers and To limit the possible damages
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Jill made plans to attend a family reunion. Jill's coworker, Mary, exercised seniority and took her vacation during the week of the reunion, so Jill could not attend the event. Jill and Mary share a cubicle. Jill recently overheard a telephone conversation in which Mary implied that she plans to leave the company soon. Jill has also seen Mary copy files from her office computer to portable USB drives. What are three reason Jill should report Mary to her supervisor?
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To prove the effectiveness of severity policies and procedures, To bring attention to a potential security breach and To limit damages to the company
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Which security management technique helps to protect a physical workplace from unauthorized personnel access?
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ID badges
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An information system administrator connects from his workstation to several remote servers that host sensitive and protected data. What should the administrator use to protect against web-based hackers and malware?
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Software firewall
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Basic problem-management steps
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Record the issue Categorize the issue Check the issue against known issues Track the issue Close the issue
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A growing company establishes a customer support center. Each customer issue is handled entirely by the customer service representative (CSR) who receives the initial call. This often means that CSR's assist customers on issues beyond their expertise. The plans to implement a set of management tools and procedures to facilitate effective customer service. What are two possible benefits for the CSR's of using management tools in the customer support center?
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An increase in the number of issues that are resolved by each CSR and A decrease in the time required to resolve each issue
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What is considered to be the most important tool in a customer support center?
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Telephone
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Customer service problem solve order
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Record the incident Categorize the incident Verify whether the incident is part of a known problem Track the incident Provide closure
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When does change management begin?
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When an idea for improving a process or procedure is proposed
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An employee requests a system change, and a supervisor verifies whether the request conflicts with other scheduled changes. In which stage of the change management process would this event occur?
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Approval
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What is the first step of the change management process?
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Acceptance and filtering
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Change Management Process Order
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Acceptance and filtering Classification Approval Building, testing , and implementing Post-implementation review
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