question

Secular women like Heloise who wished to continue their education beyond convent school could:

answer

Be taught individually by a tutor.

question

The High Middle Ages witnessed the birth of a new political structure known as:

answer

The national monarchy.

question

King Henry II's important dispute with Archbishop Thomas Becket was related to:

answer

Whether priests should be tried in royal courts like other subjects of the king.

question

The French Parlement never attained the importance of Parliament in England because:

answer

The French nobility, unlike the English nobility, was exempt from taxation.

question

After the signing of the Magna Carta, English government gradually became a:

answer

Constitutional monarchy.

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The Magna Carta, signed by King John of England, was a:

answer

Legal documents defining particular rights of nobles and freemen and limiting royal power.

question

The tradition of French administration that balanced local diversity of custom with bureaucratic centralization in Paris began with:

answer

Philip II, "Augustus."

question

Frederick Barbarossa attempted to bypass the power of the papacy by:

answer

Forging an alliance with other German princes to oppose the pope.

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The last emperor who effectively ruled all the disparate pieces of the Holy Roman Empire was:

answer

Frederick II.

question

Evidenced by the lifestyle of Frederick II, the culture of medieval Sicily:

answer

Included many cultures such as Norman, Latin, Byzantine, and Muslim Arabic.

question

To the territories he inherited from his father, Frederick Barbarossa, King Henry VI added:

answer

Sicily.

question

King Frederick II of Germany:

answer

Pursued his grandfather's policy of supporting the German princes while enforcing imperial rights throughout the empire.

question

By the end of the thirteenth century, ______ had become the largest Spanish kingdom.

answer

Castile

question

Alfonso II of Aragon ensured his control over his kingdom by:

answer

Documenting property transactions.

question

Compared to the popes active in the early Middle Ages, popes in the High Middle Ages were:

answer

More concerned about establishing bureaucracies that increased the visibility of papal power.

question

The Knights Hospitaller was initially founded for the purpose of:

answer

Caring for pilgrims in a hospital in Jerusalem.

question

After 1187, the capital of the kingdom of Jerusalem was:

answer

Acre.

question

Venice benefited from the Crusades by:

answer

Providing ships and supplies to Crusaders.

question

The Venetians wanted revenge against Byzantium in the late twelfth century because:

answer

Some citizens of Constantinople had massacred Venetian merchants who lived in the city.

question

The ultimate purpose of the Albigensian Crusade was:

answer

To justify the colonization of the south of France.

question

The rapid growth of monastic houses, such as the Cistercians, in the twelfth century meant that more men and women were becoming professional religious and that:

answer

A religiously engaged laity was supporting the Church through the donation of money and lands.

question

In the twelfth century, the central act of worship for Christianity was:

answer

Eucharistic devotion.

question

Which Christian figure was an increasingly important object of devotion in the twelfth century and was the namesake of the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris as well as other places?

answer

The Virgin Mary.

question

The person most responsible for increasing interest in devotion to the Eucharist and the Virgin Mary in the twelfth century was:

answer

Bernard of Clairvaux.

question

Hildegard of Bingen's canonization was stalled in the Middle Ages because:

answer

Her candidacy was subject to new, stricter regulations by the church.

question

Peter Waldes's reform movement in the late twelfth century was considered heretical by the Church because the Waldensians did not:

answer

Accept the Church's authority and directives on the issue of lay preaching.

question

Saint Francis of Assisi emphasized which religious themes in his ministry and new monastic order?

answer

Poverty, humility, and obedience with an active preaching ministry.

question

The increasing persecution of European Jews in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should be interpreted in the context of:

answer

General Christian concerns about heresy and the growing suspicion of Jews at all levels of society.

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The growth of schools in twelfth-century Europe can be attributed primarily to the:

answer

General economic revival in Europe.

question

Modern universities can trace their origin back to the:

answer

Cathedral schools.

question

The seven liberal arts that the universities of Europe established as their curriculum consisted of the:

answer

"Trivium" and "quadrivium."

question

Medieval scholastics taught that:

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There was a fundamental compatibility between human reason and experience and the divine teachings in the Bible.

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By 1200, access to some form of education was:

answer

Open in principle to all who wanted an education.

question

Anselm argued that:

answer

Human ideas of goodness had been instilled by God, a being about which nothing greater can be conceived.

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The term "universitas" originally meant:

answer

Corporation.

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Upon admission to university, medieval students typically spent four years studying the liberal arts, which meant:

answer

Advanced work in Latin grammar, rhetoric, and logic.

question

In the second half of the twelfth century, educated Westerners vastly increased their knowledge when:

answer

Important works of Greek and Arabic literature were translated into Latin.

question

Compared to Saint Augustine, Saint Thomas Aquinas seems to have:

answer

Believed people could comprehend the world around them through reason and experience.

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Students who attended medieval universities:

answer

Generally drank to excess, gambled, fought, and were generally rowdy.

question

Chivalry:

answer

Was a means of legislating social positions acquired through either bravery or skill.

question

Marie de France:

answer

Wrote romances.

question

Wolfram von Eschenbach was a German poet known primarily for his:

answer

Story depicting the search for the Holy Grail.

question

Romances told stories of love and adventure and were carefully attuned to the interests and concerns of:

answer

Women.

question

The political power of some queens of the High Middle Ages in Europe is reflected in the:

answer

Power of the queen in the game of chess.

question

The genre of literature most representative of urban culture during the High Middle Ages was the:

answer

"Fabliau."

question

In the thirteenth century, the governance of Italian city-states became increasingly:

answer

Oligarchic.

question

In towns, manufacturing was largely controlled by the:

answer

Trade guilds.

question

The essential features of the Romanesque architectural style are:

answer

Rounded arches, massive stone walls, and small windows.

question

Gothic Cathedrals were:

answer

A reflection of the medieval world and its knowledge.

question

Between 1000 and 1250 Europe:

answer

Took on many of the characteristics that define the modern West.

question

T/F: Gratian's "Decretum" was the standard canon law code and gave the Church power over issues such as marriage, inheritance, and wills.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Twelfth-century popes, like their secular counterparts, sought to establish their authority by building and expanding bureaucratic structures to increase papal visibility and to show it in the daily lives of all Christians.

answer

True.

question

T/F: The Europeans who settled in the new Crusader states forced their subjects to adopt Western culture and values.

answer

False. The Europeans who settled in the new Crusader states actually adapted themselves, becoming intertwined with the local populations.

question

T/F: Pope Innocent III believed that Christians, Muslims, and Jews were all equal people of the book.

answer

False. Innocent III sought to increase the distance between Christians and their Muslim and Jewish neighbors.

question

T/F: By the eleventh century, the reforming abbey of Cluny was abandoned.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The Waldensians were declared heretics because they did not believe in transubstantiation.

answer

False. The Waldensians were declared heretics because they began to preach without authorization, not because they did not believe in transubstantiation.

question

T/F: One of the most popular saints and most powerful saint's cults in the Middle Ages was the Virgin Mary.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Hildegard of Bingen wrote on a variety of subjects outside her spiritual concerns as a nun, including pharmacology and gynecology.

answer

True.

question

T/F: In the late Middle Ages, Jews were routinely expelled from Italy, England, France, Germany, and Spain.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Medieval scholastics exalted the dignity of human nature and the ability of human reason.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Peter Abelard was a controversial and popular teacher who made the University of Bologna a center of theology.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The goal of Abelard's philosophical works was to show that the different opinions of the Church Fathers could be reconciled.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Saint Thomas Aquinas was a member of the Jesuit order and a teacher at Paris.

answer

False. Aquinas was a member of the Dominican order, not the Jesuit order.

question

T/F: The chivalric code suggested that noblewomen ought to be treated as objects of veneration.

answer

True.

question

T/F: In 1250, the most powerful guild in Arras was a guild of professional entertainers.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Twelfth-century literature focused on courtly themes and motifs and avoided discussion of the profane and mundane.

answer

False.

Western Civilization to 1648 (HIST-1500) Ch. 9 – Flashcards

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