Western Civ His. 101 Final – Flashcards
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According to the church tradition, who was the first bishop of Rome?
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Peter
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Augustine's The City of God presented
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a Christian philosophy of government and history.
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In what city was Muhammad born/
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Mecca
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The word "islam" means
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submission to the will of Allah
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The Byzantine Empire was both a Christian and a(n)
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Greek state
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Saint Benedict of Nursia is best known for his
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rules for monastic life.
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What did Muhammad believe?
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That allah had revealed himself in part through Moses and Jesus
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What is one of the five pillars of islam?
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Prayer five times a day
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What happened to the Visigoths after they sacked Rome in 410?
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They moved into Spain and southern Gaul.
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What led Justinian to flee Constantinople in the year 532?
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Riots
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What was a consequence of the council of Nicaea?
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Arianism was condemned
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What was the heresy of Arianism?
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It questioned the divinity of Jesus.
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What was the edict of Milan?
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Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.
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What was the Hippodrome?
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An amphitheater
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What was true about the Ostrogoths?
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They worked hard to maintain the Roman tradition of government.
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Who was the founder of the Frankish kingdom?
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Clovis
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Why did the bishops of Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch have special power in church affairs?
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The churches in those cities claimed to have been founded by apostles.
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Who developed the basic rule for the western monastic living?
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Benedict
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Which holy man created the first community of monks in Egypt and laid the foundations for the monastic movement?
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Saint Anthony
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What was the subject of The City of God?
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An ideal view of relations between those who loved god and those who were focused on earthly pursuits
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What was a consequence of the withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain?
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Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, were able to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle.
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What happened to the Frankish kingdom after Clovis' death in 510?
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It was divided among Clovis' sons, and each ruled a separate area.
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What city became the capital of the Umayyad Dynasty?
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Damascus
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What best describes Justinian's military conquests under the general, Belisarius?
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The conquests gains were short-lived.
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What did the first bishop of Rome's successors become known as?
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Popes
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After Constantinople, what was Europe's largest city?
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Córdoba
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How did Charlemagne try to limit the power of counts?
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He required them to serve outside of their own family lands.
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Medical practice in Carolingian times stressed the use of
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medicinal herbs and bleeding
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What best describes Charlemagne?
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He was a patron of learning and scholarship.
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What best describes the Carolingian diet?
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People of all classes consumed large quantities of bread.
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What city was the capital of the Abbasid caliphate during the high point of Islamic culture?
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Baghdad
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What is demonstrated by a comparison of Islam and Western Civilization in the eighth and ninth centuries?
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Muslim creation of a brilliant sophisticated urban culture.
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Which famous Viking discovered Greenland?
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Erick the Red
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What is the Arabic name for Spain?
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al-Andalus
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What most closely describes the practice of feudalism in the Early Middle-Ages?
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The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to provide military service.
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What was accomplished at the signing of the treaty of Verdun in 843?
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Division of the Carolingian empire
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What was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?
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A library that contained works of Plato and Aristotle
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What was the major in feudal Europe?
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An agriculturally estate owned by a lord ad worked by peasants
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Where did Alcuin establish his school for the revival of learning during Charlemagne?
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York
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Where did the most successful Muslim raids in the ninth century occur?
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Sicily
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Which statement best describes serfs?
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They were bound to the land and required to provide labor and pay rent to a lord.
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Who was Alcuin?
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Charlemagne's adviser on ecclesiastical affairs
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Who was the best known of the Abbasid caliphs?
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Harun al-rashid
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Who were the Magyars?
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People originally from western Asia who migrated into eastern and Central Europe
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Who were the slavs?
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Originally a single people in central Europe
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Who became the ruler of the west Frankish lands under the terms of the Treaty of Verdun?
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Charles the Bald
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What was the lord-vassal relationship in the Germanic practice of medieval Europe?
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It was an honorable relationship between free men.
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What did the officials known as missing dominici do for Charlemagne?
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Checked up on his counts =
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What best describes the state of the Byzantine Empire by the early eleventh century?
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It had achieved a new brilliance of power and influence under the Macedonians.
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The major obligation of a lord to his vassal was to
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protect him.
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Blanche of Castile served as regent of
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France
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Between 1000 and 1300, the population of Europe
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roughly doubled
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Eleanor of Aquitaine was married to two kings, first Louis VII of France , and then
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Henry II of England
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Medieval cities typically had
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streets that were dedicated to specific crafts.
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The role of peasant women in the medieval economy is best described as
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important, with a variety of contributions.
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What did troubadour poetry emphasize?
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The courtly love of nobles, knights, and ladies
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What does the word "vernacular" mean/
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Local language
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What was a major cause of pollution in medieval cities?
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The smell and waste of animals and humans
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What was a primary preoccupation of scholasticism?
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The reconciliation of faith with reason
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What was an advantage of the three-field system?
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It kept more land in cultivation at any given time.
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What was one consequence of the new agriculture of the Early Middle Ages?
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The destruction of the forests
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What was the basic staple of the peasant diet?
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Bread
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What was the main job of the village priest?
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To teach villagers the basic elements of Christianity
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What was true of almost all medieval castles?
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They served was residences for noble families.
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Where was the first university in Europe established?
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Bologna
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Which statement best describes medieval cities?
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They were relatively undemocratic with the wealthy usually ruling and voting in civic elections.
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Who wrote Summa Theologica
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Thomas Aquinas
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Which statement best describes combative tournaments involving knights?
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They were considered excellent and necessary training for warfare.
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What was the primary cause of the renaissance of the twelfth century?
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The reintroduction of many ancient philosophical and scientific works previously saved by Muslim scholars
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What was the carruca?
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A heavy-wheeled, iron-tipped plow
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What allowed for a more diversified and intelligent use of farmland?
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The three-field system
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What contributed to the emergence of Venice as a major commercial city?
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Its close trading ties the Byzantine Empire
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What made the construction of Gothic cathedral possible?
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Pointed arches
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In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a code of ethics for knights known as _________ evolved among the nobility.
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chivalry
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By the thirteenth century, virtually every group of craftworkers
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had its own guild.
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After the Fourth Crusade was diverted from Jerusalem, which city did they sack?
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Constantinople
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After which battle in 1066 did William the Conqueror take over England?
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Hastings
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In the thirteenth century, the ______ conquered Russia.
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Mongols
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Most of the nobles who participated in the First Crusade were from
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France
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The Franciscans were particularly active in
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cities
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The three estates of the Estates General included the nobility, the townspeople, and the
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clergy
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What best describes Frederick II of Hohenstaufen's rule?
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He allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy.
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What event sparked a surge in anti-Semitic violence?
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The Crusades
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What issue was at stake in the Investiture Controversy?
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Who could bestow a church position on a man
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What was the primary function of medieval hospitals?
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They served as residences for the elderly, the terminally ill, or the blind.
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Who did the Seljuk Turks defeat at Manzikert in 1071?
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Byzantines
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Who was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962?
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Otto I
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Who was the founder of the Mongol Empire?
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Genghis Khan
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Who was the most revered saint of the High Middle Ages?
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The Virgin Mary
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With which of the following statements would Pope Gregory VII have agreed?
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The pope's authority extended to all Christians.
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Which statement best describes Spain at the end of the twelfth century?
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It was free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country.
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What was typical of medieval attitudes towards homosexuality?
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They became much more negative in the High Middle Ages.
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What was a consequence of the Crusades?
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Increased stability in European society
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The English parliament emerged during the reign of
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Edward I
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The Crusades were based on the ideas of
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holy war.
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Nicholas of Cologne led which crusade to the Holy Land in 1212?
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The Children's Crusade
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The Fourth Lateran Council decreed that
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Jews must wear distinguishing marks.
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The sacramental system of the Catholic Church
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made the church an integral part of the people's lives from birth to death.
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What best summarizes the policies and goals of William of Normandy in England?
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He created a strong, centralized monarchy.
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Over which institution did Henry II of England struggle to exert control?
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The church
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The Divine comedy is the story of
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the soul's progression to salvation.
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The Great Schism
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badly damaged the faith of Christian believers.
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During the reign of England's Edward III,
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Parliament developed its basic structure and functions.
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For what is Dante's Divine Comedy best known?
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It is considered a synthesis of medieval Christian thought.
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How did relationships between men and women change because of the plague?
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They began to marry younger in light of the fleeting quality of life.
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How did women benefit from the Black Death?
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They gained new employment opportunities.
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In the aftermath of the Black Death, _____ led to a dramatic rise in wages.
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a serious labor shortage
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In what town did the papacy reside in across the French border from 1305 to 1377?
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Avignon
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In which part of the world did the bubonic plague originate?
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Asia
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The basic unit of the late medieval urban environment was the
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nuclear family
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What brought about the Great Schism in 1378?
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The French cardinals elected a second pope
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What did the Golden Bull of 1356 achieve in Germany?
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It gave seven electors the power to choose the " king of the Romans."
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What was a consequence of the English Peasants' revolt of 1381?
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It led to the elimination of some poll taxes.
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What were pogroms?
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Organized massacres against the Jews
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Where did many of Germany's Jews go in an effort to escape the persecution that accompanied the Black Death?
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Poland
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Where were most clocks typically located in the early fourteenth century?
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In the towers of churches and municipal buildings
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Which statement about the Black Death is true?
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It recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries.
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Who were the flagellants?
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people who physically punished themselves to win the forgiveness of God
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Who wrote The Canterbury Tales?
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Geoffrey Chaucer
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Which of the following contributed to peasant discontent in France?
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The Hundred Years' War
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What was the most revolutionary invention in the thirteenth and fourteenth-century?
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Clocks
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What happened to Joan of Arc after helping drive the English from France?
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She was burned at the stake as a heretic.
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The main cause of early fourteenth-century families was
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a little ice age that included bad weather with heavy rains
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The core lands of the Holy Roman Empire were located in
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Germany
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The papacy of Clement VII received its greatest support from
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France
