question

Which city did Rome destroy in 66 CE after a revolt of the Zealots?

answer

Jerusalem

question

Which emperor embraced Christianity and began to convert the empire?

answer

Constantine

question

Which city became the capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine?

answer

Constantinople

question

Unlike the Germanic invaders who plagued Rome, the Huns were from where?

answer

Mongolia

question

Justinian's most lasting achievement was the Corpus Juris Civilis, a collection of writings on what?

answer

Roman law

question

Arabs, like Jews, claim descent from Abraham through his son?

answer

Ismael

question

Muhammad was born I n the ancient Arabian city of?

answer

Mecca

question

The beginning of Islam as an independent religious movement is marked by Muhammad's departure from Mecca, which is known as?

answer

hijra

question

Who was Muhammad's caliph or successor after his death?

answer

Abu Baker

question

What is the best explanation for the rapid spread of Islam?

answer

Muhammad has encouraged jihad so that Muslims would not fight among themselves

question

What made the Christian New Testament a powerful influence for centuries after Jesus?

answer

Gospels are testimonials of faith that did not depend on eyewitness evidence

question

What allowed Arab Muslim armies to spread their influence into thee eastern half of the Roma Empire?

answer

constant fighting between the Byzantine and Persian empires

question

The German invaders who flooded into the western Roman Empire in the fourth century were ?

answer

long time neighbors, familiar with roman civilization, who were attracted to roman wealth and culture

question

Why were monasteries important institutions during the decline and fall of roman empire in the west?

answer

monasteries were primary institutions that kept literacy and classical culture alive

question

After Honorius moved the seat of his government there, what city was the last capital of the western Roman empire?

answer

Ravenna

question

The monetary compensation guilty parties could pay in order to prevent punishment was called?

answer

wergild

question

Memories of a battle in which the Britons triumphed over the Anglo Saxons led to a cycle of stories about who?

answer

King Arthur

question

Before becoming Kings of the Franks, the Carolingians controlled what office?

answer

mayor of the palace

question

what agreement divided the Carolingians empire among the three grandson of Charlemagne

answer

Treaty of Verdun

question

The fields on most manors were set off from one another by strips or turf in what was known as?

answer

open field system

question

A vassal commending himself to a lord would pledge what?

answer

homage ad fealty

question

what were the three subjects studied in the trivium?

answer

grammar, dialectic, and rhetoric

question

What best explanation why Ireland developed Christian custom of their own ?

answer

they were cut off from the rest of the Christian world

question

According to the bible, Jesus granted Peter the power of the keys, which became a justification for what?

answer

leadership of the bishop of Rome over the catholic church

question

The German comitatus and the Roan client patron system both contributed to what system?

answer

feudal system

question

Why did the owners of land that used the three field system choose to plant beans and peas in the spring?

answer

they restored nitrogen to the soil

question

Muslim Spain was unusual in that it was the primary location in Europe where who stayed?

answer

Muslims, Christians, and Jews influenced each others cultures

question

a resource, often land, that was given to vassals to support them while they served their lord was known as a feudum or a ?

answer

fief

question

what did the word crusade originally mean?

answer

war of the cross

question

which Muslim faction believed in the coming of messiah?

answer

Shi'ites

question

in 1066, William the Conqueror conquered what?

answer

England

question

The most successful crusade was the ?

answer

first crusade

question

what pope launched the crusading movement with a sermon at Clermont in 1095?

answer

Urban II

question

The Russian cities of Novgorod and Kiev initially settled by what group?

answer

Vikings

question

In mediaeval times, where did the bourgeoisie live?

answer

in a fortified settlement

question

when serf fled into a town, he became what?

answer

legally free after a year and a day

question

What was the end result of increased contact among Europeans, Muslims, and Byzantines during the second half of the Middle ages?

answer

these three groups of people became more and more alienated from each other

question

The investiture controversy revolved around what conflict?

answer

a kings right to appoint candidates to church office

question

What did the crusaders do when they captured Jerusalem in 1099?

answer

they slaughtered everyone they found

question

What strategy did the church use that allows it to steadily gain power over secular monarchs?

answer

consistently claimed more power in theory than it had in practice, therefore they always gained through compromises

question

how did the development of towns drive the evolution of medieval society?

answer

towns made possible a class of free people, able to travel and choose their occupation

question

The dream od the high middle ages greatest thinkers was to create comprehensive descriptions of particular topics which is known as what?

answer

summae

question

What name was given to the men who worked as teachers at the new schools of the high middle ages?

answer

scholastics

question

the first mendicant orders of friars were started by which Italian?

answer

Francis of Assisi

question

What group of people were the original source of Arabic numerals and the concept of zero?

answer

Hindus

question

IN gothic style, the three key elements are the pointed arch, rib-vaulting, and what?

answer

flying buttresses

question

Which thinkers was especially admired and emulated by the Scholastics?

answer

Aristotle

question

What was the name of the heretical group that spread into Western Europe from the Balkans and became the target of a crusade to force them out of France?

answer

Cathars

question

Which order focused on preaching, teaching, and combating heresy?

answer

Dominicans

question

In Henry II court system, cases were heard and verdicts rendered by what jury?

answer

petit jury

question

What country was home to the Capetian dynasty?

answer

France

question

how did friars differ from earlier medieval monks?

answer

friars workd in the world, while monks withdrew from the world

question

the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket highlighted what issues in medieval Europe?

answer

conflicts over authority between church and state

question

The lure of what subject drew Christian Europeans scholars to Muslim libraries?

answer

science

question

What did Thomas Aquinas think about the relationship between reason and faith?

answer

he believed that they could e used together to understand reality

question

The pope called for a crusade to root out the Cather's because they did what?

answer

attracted a large following and the pope believed they were heretics

question

the greatest impact of the cult of courtly love was that it did what?

answer

turned crude warriors in to cultivated gentlemen

question

Medieval Nominalists and realists arguing over the meaning of classes of things and individual things were continuing a philosophical debate begun by who?

answer

Plato and Aristotle

question

What kind of natural disaster struck Europe several times during the first third of the 14th century?

answer

plague

question

Roughly what percentage of the European population was killed by the black death between 1347 and 1350?

answer

30 to 50 percent

question

which group did many Europeans blame for causing the plague?

answer

Jews

question

Which Christian city was sacked during the fourth crusade?

answer

Constantinople

question

which warrior brought the Muslims of the middle east together, formed an empire that stretched from Africa to Armenia and founded the Ayyubid dynasty?

answer

Saladin

question

the Mongol leader Temujin, who led his people to conquer parts of china, Russia, and Persia is better known as what?

answer

Genghis Khan

question

what was the name of the Venetian merchant who claimed to have visited the Mongol court and whose writings are a disputed source of information on the 13th century china?

answer

Marco Polo

question

what action did critics refers to as a Babylonian captivity?

answer

papacy's sojourn in Avignon

question

the French national legislature, which first met 1302 under Philip IV, was what general?

answer

Estates general

question

The great Schism was an extended dispute over divided claims to what position?

answer

pope

question

what impact did changes in weaponry have during the Hundreds years war?

answer

aristocracy began to lose its political dominance

question

IN Europe the medieval epidemic killed between 30 to 50 percent of the population. How did losses in the Muslim world compare?

answer

Muslim losses were about the same

question

During the middle ages, the most persistent and longest lasting invasions of others lands were carried out by who?

answer

crusaders

question

why were the crop failures of the early 14 century particularly devastating to Europeans?

answer

population of Europe had tripled between the 11th and 14 centuries

question

the stresses and changes of the late middle ages were, in a long run, most harmful to the status of what?

answer

the church

question

what later movement was most strongly encouraged by William of Ockham's skepticism?

answer

Protestant reformation

question

which of the following men became known as the father of humanism?

answer

Petrarch

question

which country took the early lead in Atlantic exploration?

answer

Portugal

question

which Italian duchy had no access to the sea but controlled important passes through the Alps?

answer

Milan

question

the popes line of demarcation marked spheres of influence for the ?

answer

Spanish and Portuguese

question

because of the popes 14494 line of demarcation, most of north and south America was colonized by who?

answer

Spain

question

who was the most prominent of the northern humanists?

answer

Desiderius Erasmus

question

in 1453, which Ottoman leader took the city of Constantinople, earning him the nickname the Conqueror?

answer

Mehmed II

question

The word Shariah refers to Islamic ?

answer

religious law

question

which of the flowing explorers first rounded the southern tip of the African continent?

answer

Bartolomeu Dias

question

which country sponsored the voyage of the Genoese sailed John Cabot?

answer

England

question

why did Columbus called the people he contacted in the Caribbean Indians?

answer

he thought he had reached the outlying portions of India

question

what factor was the most important in terns of making the 15th century European voyages of exploration possible?

answer

improvements in ships ,weapons, and tools

question

although Christopher Columbus was an experienced map makers, he most serious basic misconception was that believed what?

answer

world was much smaller than it is

question

Italy played a major role in the onset of the Renaissance because it had Europe's greatest concentration of what?

answer

urban centers

question

which of the following best described Ottoman cultural relations with the west?

answer

cultural influences flowed in both direction, with each culture influencing the other

question

which of the following was a significant difference between Ottoman and European culture?

answer

unlike Europeans, the ottomans were tolerant of religious diversity

question

what was a major factor motivation Portugal to take the lead in European Atlantic exploration?

answer

the Spanish and Muslims controlled the Straits of Gibraltar

question

why did Europeans use Africans rather than Indians as slave labor in the Americas ?

answer

Indian population had been decimated by European diseases

question

during the Renaissance, how did Europeans compare to the Chinese in their attitude toward new technology?

answer

technological innovations had much more impact in Europe than in china

question

as a result of the popes 1494 line of demarcation, what was the only American colony established by Portugal?

answer

Brazil

question

which of the following phrases would best be describe the advice Machiavelli gave to rulers in The Prince?

answer

the end justifies the means

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