Wellness Chapters 6-9 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
A set of physical or emotional reactions following a stressful event or circumstance
answer
stress response
question
Epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted during the stress response target cells within the..
answer
heart
question
The general adaptation syndrome describes how the body
answer
responds to stress when homeostasis is disrupted
question
Allostatic load can lead to...
answer
High blood pressure
question
Which of the following coping mechanisms is most important in determining how you experience stress?
answer
self-efficacy
question
Jeff is a hard-driving, competitive, perfectionist. His personality type is most likely
answer
Type A
question
Psychologically hardy people are characterized by
answer
personal control
question
Which of the following is an example of a habit that fights the negative effects of stress?
answer
sleeping in a cool, dark room
question
An excessive preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform
answer
compulsion
question
Problems associated with long-term use of alcohol include
answer
shrinkage in brain size and weight
question
Approximately what percentage of all traffic fatalities in the United States in 2009 were alcohol related?
answer
32
question
The major psychoactive substance in tobacco is
answer
nicotine
question
The carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke is ________ times higher than the level considered to be safe by the Environmental Protection Agency.
answer
800
question
A chronic disease related to smoking in which the alveoli become damaged, and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs decreases
answer
emphysema
question
The psychoactive substance in marijuana
answer
THC
question
Substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and heightened states
answer
hallucinogens
question
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively known as which of the following?
answer
cardiovascular disease
question
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults is approximately
answer
40 percent
question
The cardiovascular system includes
answer
heart and blood vessels
question
Hardening or stiffening of the arteries as plaque accumulates at injury sites in the inner linings of the arteries
answer
atherosclerosis
question
Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the heart's relaxation phase
answer
diastolic pressure
question
In a blood pressure reading of 110/70, 110 represents ________ pressure and 70 represents ________ pressure.
answer
systolic; diastolic
question
Hypertension can cause which of the following?
answer
blood vessel damage
question
Chest pain due to ischemia
answer
angina pectoris
question
Heart disease present at birth
answer
congenital heart disease
question
Which of the following lifestyle choices reduces cancer risk?
answer
limiting exposure to UV radiation
question
A tumor that is non-cancerous is
answer
benign
question
Carcinomas include which of the following cancers?
answer
breast
question
The two main types of lymphomas are ________ and ________.
answer
Hodgkin; non-Hodgkin
question
Leukemia occurs in the
answer
bone marrow
question
_______ cancer is most common for males between the ages of 20 and 34.
answer
testicular
question
A factor that lowers the risk for colon cancer and rectal cancer
answer
a high fiber diet
question
A benign growth in the colon or rectum
answer
polyp
question
Obesity increases the risk of
answer
colon cancer
question
A potential warning sign of cancer includes
answer
change in bladder or bowel habits
question
Stress based on positive circumstances; can present an opportunity for personal growth
answer
eustress
question
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes adrenal glands to secrete cortisol
answer
ACTH
question
The body's main stress hormone; stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
answer
cortisol
question
One of the two stress hormones released by adrenal glands that readies your body for quick attention by stimulating sympathetic nerves
answer
epinephrine (adrenaline)
question
A historical model proposed by Hans Selye; it attempts to explain the body's stress response consisting of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages
answer
GAS
question
The many simultaneous changes that occur in the body to maintain homeostasis
answer
allostasis
question
The long-term wear and tear on the body that is caused by prolonged allostasis
answer
allostatic load
question
The interpretation and evaluation of information provided to the brain by the senses
answer
appraisal
question
Personal characteristics of control commitment, and an embrace of challenges that help individuals cope with stress
answer
psychological hardiness
question
A stress-management technique that identifies tension stored in the muscles and releases it, one muscle group at a time
answer
PMR
question
A stress-management technique that teaches you to alter automatic physiological responses such as body temperature, heart rate, or sweating
answer
biofeedback
question
An addictive drug produced by fermentation and found in many beverages
answer
ethanol
question
A measure of the percentage of alcohol in a beverage
answer
proof
question
A condition resulting from prolonged use of alcohol in which the liver is inflammed
answer
alcohol hepatitis
question
The last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol, during which liver cells die and damage becomes permanent
answer
cirrhosis
question
A disorder that may affect the fetus when the mother consumes alcohol during preganancy
answer
fetal alcohol syndrome
question
A gas found in cigarette smoke that binds at oxygen receptor sites in the blood
answer
carbon monoxide
question
Smoke emitted from a smoker's mouth
answer
mainstream smoke
question
A class of drugs derived from the parent drug opium, characterized by the ability to relieve pain, induce drowsiness, and cause euphoria
answer
opiates
question
Artificial forms of the hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength
answer
anabolic steroids
question
A narrowing of the inner channel of arteries and smaller arterioles due to the buildup of a sludge-like layer of fatty, waxy debris
answer
arterial stenosis
question
Sustained blood pressure over 130/85 mm Hg
answer
hypertension
question
The pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts
answer
systolic pressure
question
Medical term for a heart attack; permanent damage to an area of the heart
answer
myocardial infarction
question
A damaging reduction in the blood to a region of the heart, brain, or other organ
answer
ischemia
question
Irregular heart-beat
answer
arrhythmia
question
A sporatic....
answer
fibrillation
