Waves, Sound, & Light BUA Study Guide – Flashcards
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what a mechanical wave needs to travel through
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a medium (gas, solid, liquid)
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amplitude
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maximum displacement of medium from resting point
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wavelength
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distance for 1 full wave
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frequency
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number of complete waves per a given time
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period for a wave
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time required for one complete wave
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wavelength can be measured like this for a transverse wave
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crest to crest, trough to trough, and rest to rest (with crest and trough in middle)
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how wavelength is measured for a longitudinal wave
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the distance for a compression and rarefraction
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the part of a transverse wave that shows how much energy the wave has
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amplitude
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speed of a wave
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speed (m/s)= frequency (Hz) * wavelength (m)
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frequency
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Hz
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wavelength
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m
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speed
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m/s
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As wave length increases...
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frequency decreases
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reflection
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the interaction that occurs when a wave bounces off a surface that it cannot pass through
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refraction
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the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle
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diffraction
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the bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening
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constructive interference
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the interaction among two or more waves in which displacements combine to produce a larger displacement
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destructive interference
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the interaction among two or more waves in which displacements combine to produce a wave with a smaller displacement
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more dense=
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faster sound wave
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intensity of a sound
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the rate at which wave's energy flows through area
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factors that affect the intensity of a sound
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amplitude and distance from source
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decibels
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units used to measure the intensity of a sound
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loudness
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physical response to intensity
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what loudness is due to
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sound intensity, health of your ears, & brain interpretation of sound
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pitch
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the frequency of a sound as you percieve it
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the higher pitch...
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the higher frequency
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the higher pitch
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the shorter wavelength
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longer tubing for wind instruments=
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lower pitch
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tighter string for string instruments=
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higher pitch
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how an echo is produced
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when the sound wave bounces off a surface that it cannot pass through (reflection)
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vocal cords of a person with a high squeaky voice
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shorter & thinner vocal cords vibrate faster
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vocal cords of a person with a low deep voice
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thick or longer vocal cords vibrate slower
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ultrasound
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frequency higher than humans can hear
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how sumbarines use sonar to find the range to a target
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calculating speed of sound in water & the time for wave to reach target & echo to return
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as sound approaches=
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higher frequency, higher pitch, shorter wavelength
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auricle
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collects sound waves
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ear canal
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a tunnel that moves sounds toward eardrum
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ear drum
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turns sound waves into vibrations
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hammer, anvil, & stirrup
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3 bones that carry vibrations to cochlea
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cochlea
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turn vibrations into nerve signals
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auditory nerve
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carry nerve signals to brain
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semi-cirrcular canals
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help with balance
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what resonance is used for in music
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to increase amplitude and make sound louder
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electromagnetic wave
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a transverse wave consisting of changing electric fields and changing magnetic fields
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how an electromagnetic wave is different from a mechanical wave
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an electromagnetic wave can travel through a vacuum or space and does not need a medium to travel
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in an electromagnetic wave, higher frequency=
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higher energy
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photon
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packets of electromagnetic energy
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as you move farther away from a source, intensity...
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decreases because the photons spread farther apart= dimmer light
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electromagnetic spectrum
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radio and TV waves...microwave radar...infared...visible...UV...x-ray...gamma
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wave with the highest frequency
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gamma ray
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wave with the longest wavelength
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radio waves
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as wavelength gets shorter...
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the wave frequency gets higher
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visible wavelengths from lowest to highest frequency
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red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
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transparent
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allows light to pass through it (window)
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translucent
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scatters light (frosted glass)
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opaque
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no light can pass through (wall)
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reflection
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light waves bouncing off a surface
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absorption
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light waves are neither reflected or transmitted, retained in the material
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transmission
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light waves passing through a material (light through colored glass)
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refraction
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light waves bending as it enters a new medium (straw in water)
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scattering
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light waves are redirected as it passes through medium
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emission
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light waves given off by a source (light bulb, sun)
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dispersion
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separating white light into colors
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