Vitamins from Practice Exam – Flashcards

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What are the components in vitamins responsible for reducing the risk of cancer?
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antioxidants
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Why do we need water soluble vitamins?
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for our kidneys to filter
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What two factors affect the conversion of sunlight to vitamin D?
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age and race
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What is the name of the B vitamin that is added to refined grains with the aim of preventing neural tube defects?
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folate
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The highest folate content may be obtained from eating what food?
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fresh fruits and vegetables
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What does excessive intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy result in?
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(fetal malformation and spontaneous abortions)
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True or False The fat soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than the water soluble vitamins
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True
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True or False water soluble vitamins are not usually stored because they are filtered and excreted by the kidneys
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True
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Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C: whole wheat bread, bread, strawberries, citrus fruits, potatoes
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strawberries, citrus fruit, potatoes
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True of False: Vitamins are considered non=essential nutrients because we need them in small amounts
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False
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True of False: Grain products that have been milled are enriched with B vitamins and mineral iron to lessen the risk of deficiency.
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True
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What foods are good sources of vitamin E ?
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whole grains, nuts, plant oils
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True or false Pernicious anemia is related to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption
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True
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What is the category of vitamins that need to be replaced daily?
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water soluable vitamins
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Which B vitamins are important in DNA synthesis?
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folate and vitamin B12
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True or False A person who consumes a diet adequate in fat can still develop a fat soluble vitamin deficiency by inefficient fat digestion and absorption
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True
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True or False Thiamin is the key component required to release energy from proteins
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False carbohydrates
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Which of the following are functions of vit C? Wound healing, formation of collagen, night vision, fluid regulation
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Wound healing and formation of collagen
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Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis and death are symptoms of the deficiency known as ________
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pellaga
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True or Fals Risk factors with osteomalacia include poor intestinal absorption and kidney disease
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True
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True or Fals Infants are given an injection of Vitamin K at birth because their intestines produce too much bacteria to and Vitamin K
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False too little bacteria to produce vitamin K
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True or False Someone with a vitamin B12 deficiency might experience impaired red blood cell synthesis leading to megalobastic anemia.
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True
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True or False Sources of provitamin A carotenoids include carrots, sweet potatoes and broccoli
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True
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What is the vitamin D deficiency disease chacterized by bowed legs, an enlarged head, deformities of the ribs and pelvis and pain in the joints?
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Rickets
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Identify 3 food sources of thiamin
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(enriched flour, whole grains, pork)
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True or False The amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to the body is called bioavailability.
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True
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The fact that fat soluble vitamins are stored in the fat cells (increase or decreases)_________ our risk of toxicity if megadoses are consumed
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increases
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True or False Sources of retinods, the performed source of Vitamin A include fortified milk, beef liver, butter, fish
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True
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True or False Berberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of glucose
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False thiamin
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What mineral does Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ?
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iron
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True or False Dietary sources of niacin include fruits and vegetables
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False milk beef fish poultry
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Which group Is able to synthesize vitamin c?
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animals
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True of False The stomach produces the intrinsic factor that is necessary to absorb B12
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True
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Food sources of riboflavin include beef and fish
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False enriched grains, milk
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Megadoses of vitamin C are (increted or excreted) from the body?
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excreted
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True or False Examples of process that can cause a loss of certain vitamins include improper storage, exposure to light, heating or cooking.
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True
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True or False The best source of vitamin B12 would be fish
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false hamburger
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True or False Studies have shown a benefit in preventing cardiovascular disease in persons at high risk due to the adequate intake of cartenoids, a form of vitamin A from plant sources
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true
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When suffient dietary vitamin A is not available a deficiency order known as ________may develop (night blindness)
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night blindness
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Enriched grain products remain low in sucrose
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false fiber
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41. Dark green and yellow=orange vegetables are sources of _
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carotenoids
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Lack of sufficient Vitamin A in the diet may effect what?
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growth, development of sex organs, reproductive ability
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A ________ is an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processed in the body
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vitamin
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True or False Megadoses of vitamin C prevent colds
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false
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What substance produced by the digestive system is necessary in order to absorb Vitamin B12?
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intrinsic factor
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The most nutrient dense food source of choline is what?
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eggs
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Adults are at the lowest risk of what Vitamin toxicity
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D
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What is the function of riboflavin?
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energy yielding metabolism and assisting antioxidant reactions.
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Why do smokers need more vitamin C than non-smokers
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of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage.
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True False It is a good idea to take a multivitamin and mineral supplement because it is not possible to obtain adequate nutrition from food sources
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False
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What are some points to consider when choosing a multivitamin and mineral supplement?
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balance and composition of nutrient, %daily value of each nutrient, cost and availability
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Vitamin C may reduce cancer risk due to its ________properties
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antioxidant
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The point at which toxic levels of vitamin A may develop is called what?
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tolerable Upper Intake Level.)
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Why is there an upper level for preformed Vitamin A but not for the carotenoids?
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Performed Vitamin A is stored in fat cells and can build to toxic levels
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Megadoses of Vitamin C are ____________
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are excreted from the body
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Water soluble vitamins include
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B vitamins and C
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What is the interaction between vitamin E and K?
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excessive levels of E will reduce clotting ability of vitamin K.
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One function of the urinary system is to remove excess ________soluble vitamins
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water
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What are the functions of vitamin A?
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_light-dark vision, topical treatment for acne and growth, development and reproduction
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Those at increased risk for a vitamin C deficiency include
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alcoholics and smokers)
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In addition to the vitamin K from our diet, vitamin K is also obtained from
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bacteria in our intestines)
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Why is the consumer ultimately responsible for protecting himself when using supplements?
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USDA does not regulate supplements
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What form of Vitamin E is more potent?
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natural
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What are the fat soluble vitamins?
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DEAK
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The B vitamins play a role in metabolism by
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acting as coenzymes
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Food sources for obtaining vitamin D include __________________
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fortified milk and salmon
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Why should all women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of folate
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he neural tube closes before many women even know they are pregnant.
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True or False An athlete has a greater need for vitamin B6 to convert tryptophan into niacin
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False
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Provitamins A carotenoids functions as antioxidant and help to prevent ________
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some cancers and cardiovascular disease in high risk population
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Adults are at the lowest risk for Vitamin _____toxicity (REPEAT QUESTION)
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D
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True or false: Those with decreased immune function have a higher need for vitamin C
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True
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What are some sources of Vitamin K?
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green leafy vegetables, broccoli and canola oil
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High levels of nicotinic acid can lead to _______
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headache, itching facial flushing
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7Vitamin-like substance CAN OR CAN NOT be synthesized under normal healthy
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CAN
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Which at risk groups that might benefit from a vitamin or mineral supplement ?
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women of childbearing age who may need extra folic acid, those following a very low calorie diet, newborns who need a single dose of vitamin K upon birth
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For most vitamins, the natural forms (isolated from food) HAVE OR HAVE NOT the same health benefits as synthetic forms 9made in laboratory)
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HAVE
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What are some of the functions of B6?
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synthesis of nonessential amino acids, homocysteine metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters
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True or False: Retinoic acid binds to receptors on DNA to increase synthesis of a variety of proteins
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True
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Which source of vitamin B6 has the highest bioavialability
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Animal products
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Studies have shown a benefit in preventing cardiovascular disease in persons at high risk due to the adequate intake of _______, a form of vitamin A from plant sources
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carotenoids
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A lack of vitamin A in the diet may leave a person at a greater risk for
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infections
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True or False Vitamin K affects bone health by activating proteins that bind calcium
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True
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What are some food sources high in vitamin
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green peppers, strawberries
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Groups at risk for a niacin deficiency include (alcoholics, people with disorders of_
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tryptophan metabolism
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The deficiency disease for vitamin C is
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Scurvy
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Supplements CAN OR CAN NOT_claim to prevent, treat or cure a disease
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CAN NOT
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A person with dark skin would need a _______exposure time to sunlight to convert Vitamin D
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shorter
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What allows certain cells in the eye to adjust from bright to dim light
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retinal
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What are signs of scurvy
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bleeding gums and slowed wound healing)
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