question

Vitamin A Role

answer

Vision

question

Vitamin A soluble

answer

Fat Soluble

question

Forms of Vitamin A

answer

carotenoids, retinol, retinal, and retonic acid

question

Functions of Vitamin A

answer

vision, cell production and differentiation, replacing epithelial cells, producing immune cells, keeping secretion-producing linings of reproduction tract healthy, produce bone cells for growth

question

Food Source of Vitamin A

answer

Yellow and orange fruits and veggies, liver, butter, fat containing dairy foods, egg yolk, other fortified foods; no cooking effects (beta-carotene is more bio-available when cooked slightly)

question

Symptoms for deficiency of vitamin A

answer

Bitot's spots (foamy white patches on cornea), xerophtalmia (damaged cornea leading to blindness), scaly skin (gooseflesh), damage lining of secretion tracts, reproductive problems, weak immune system, growth retardation, bone deformities, defective teeth, kidney stones

question

Symptoms for toxicity of vitamin A

answer

fatigue, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver damage, bone and joint pain, loss of appetite, skin disorders, headache, blurred/double vision

question

Major role of vitamin D

answer

bone health

question

soluble of vitamin D

answer

fat soluble

question

forms of vitamin D

answer

D2, D3 (sunlight converts cholesterol to cholecalciferol which travels to liver, converted to immediate form, sends it to kidneys, converts to active form)

question

functions of vitamin D

answer

regulates blood calcium levels

question

Food source of vitamin D

answer

Sunlight, fortified milk and cereal, oily fish, egg yolk, butter, liver

question

symptoms of deficiency for vitamin D

answer

rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

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symptoms for toxicity for vitamin D

answer

calcium in blood and soft tissues, severe depression, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and bone mass

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Role of Vitamin E

answer

Antioxidants

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soluble of vitamin E

answer

Fat soluble

question

functions of vitamin E

answer

protects vulnerable polyunsaturated lipids in cell membranes, blood and elsewhere in body (counters free radicals), protects lungs from oxidative damage from environmental contaminants, may help prevent some cancers and cardiovascular disease, helps protect eye, liver, breast, and muscle tissue, maintain beta-carotene antioxidant activity - good for your skin

question

food sources of vitamin E

answer

nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grain products, wheat germ oil, cooking reduces amount substantially

question

Symptoms of Deficiency of Vitamin E

answer

rarely happens

question

symptoms for toxicity of vitamin E

answer

nontoxic but can interfere with blood clotting and cause bleeding

question

Role of Vitamin K

answer

bone health and blood clotting

question

Soluble of Vitamin K

answer

fat soluble

question

Functions of vitamin K

answer

works with calcium to form clots, help form bone, increases BMD which decreases fracture risk

question

Food source of vitamin K

answer

plant foods, green veggies, plant oils, margarine, spreads, salad dressings, intestinal bacteria produce it

question

symptoms of deficiency of vitamin K

answer

rare, but in people with fat malabsorption or using antibiotics

question

symptoms for toxicity of vitamin k

answer

rare

question

Major role for thiamin (B1)

answer

coenzymes

question

soluble of thiamin (B1)

answer

water soluble

question

functions of thiamin (B1)

answer

works as coenzyme in reactions producing energy

question

Food source of thiamin (B1)

answer

pork, legumes, nuts, seeds, fish, seafood, meats, dairy, fruits, grains, destroyed by heat

question

Symptoms of deficiency of thiamin (B1)

answer

beriberi (muscle weakness), headache, irratibility, depression, loss of appetite, Wernicke- korsakoff syndrome (mental confusion and memory loss, staggered gait, constant REM)

question

Major role of riboflavin (B2)

answer

coenzyme

question

soluble of riboflavin (B2)

answer

water

question

Function of riboflavin (B2)

answer

2 coenzymes, extract energy from glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, supports antioxidant activity

question

Food source of riboflavin (B2)

answer

milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, enriched grain products, eggs, organ meats, light can destroy

question

symptoms of deficiency of riboflavin (B2)

answer

ariboflavinosis-closely with alcoholism, glossitis- tongue gets shiny, smooth, and inflammed, angular stomatitis- mouth cracks at corners, cheilosis- lips become inflame and split, seborrheic dermatits- oil produce glands of skin become clogged, anemia

question

Role of Niacin (B3)

answer

coenzymes

question

soluble of niacin (B3)

answer

water soluble

question

functions of niacin (B3)

answer

part of coenzymes for metabolic pathways and synthesize fatty acids

question

food source of niacin (B3)

answer

meat, poultry, fish, nuts, peanuts, grain products, cooking does not affet

question

symptoms of deficiency of niacin (B3)

answer

pellagra (rash with sunlight), dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

question

symptoms of toxicity of niacin (B3)

answer

flushing prickling feeling, heat on face, itchy, tingling

question

role of B6

answer

coenzymes

question

soluble of B6

answer

water soluble

question

functions of B6

answer

involved in protein and amino acid metabolism, helps change amino acids into other amino acids and make nonessential amino acids, makes glucose from amino acids, release glucose from glycogen, helps in white blood cell synthesis for healthy immune system, reduce major neurotransmitters, help decrease risk for heart disease

question

food source of B6

answer

meat, fish, poultry, potatoes, starchy veggies, fortified soy, whole grains, bananas, sunflower seeds, sensitive to temperature

question

symptoms of deficiency of B6

answer

rare but some meds, poor diet or excessive alcohol cause, produces skin rash, anemia, disrupts nervous system activity, disrupts synthesis of red blood cells and oxygen binding ability, cause depression, headaches, confusion, convulsions

question

symptoms for toxicity of B6

answer

upset stomach, headache, sleepiness, tingling, prickling, burning sensation

question

role of B12

answer

coenzymes

question

soluble of B12

answer

water

question

functions of B12

answer

assists folate in DNA synthesis, blood synthesis metabolize homosynthesine, maintain myelin sheath

question

Food source of B12

answer

animal derived foods and bacteria, fortified cereals

question

symptoms of deficiency of B12

answer

pernicious anemia, inappropriate immune response attacks certain cells lining stomach

question

other for B12

answer

need intrinsic factor

question

Role of vitamin C

answer

antioxidants

question

soluble of vitamin C

answer

water soluble

question

functions of vitamin C

answer

antioxidants, form collagen, makes other essential compounds, enhances absorption of iron from plant fellds, enables cells in immune system to function effectivly

question

food source of vitamin C

answer

fruits and veggies, highly vulnerable to heat and oxygen

question

symptoms of deficiency of vitamin C

answer

scurvy, sore inflamed gums, fatigue

question

symptoms for toxicity of vitamin C

answer

abdominal cramps, diarrhea, increases iron absorption

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