Vet Science Anatomy/Physiology HOSA – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Anatomy
answer
the physical makeup of the body, including size, shape, color, and location of the various cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
question
Physiology
answer
how the body and its various components function
question
Cranial
answer
refering to towards the head
question
Caudal
answer
refering to towards the tail
question
dorsal
answer
towards the backbone
question
ventral
answer
toward the belly
question
rostral
answer
towards the tip of the nose
question
plantar
answer
towards the back paw (heel)
question
palmar
answer
towards the front paw (palm)
question
cell formula
answer
cell health tissue health organ health system health body health.
question
Four basic types of tissue make up the animal body
answer
Epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue
question
epithelial tissue
answer
covers the interior and exterior surfaces of the body, lines body cavities, and forms glands.
question
Epithelial tissues share 3 common features
answer
-they consist entirely of cells -they do not contain blood vessels. Epithelial cells derive nourishment from blood vessels in the connective tissues beneath them. -At least some epithelial cells are capable of reproducing. They must be capable of compensating for wear and tear, as well as injuries.
question
Lining epithelial tissue
answer
can be either simple (single cell layer thick) or stratified (more than one cell layer thick).
question
Simple Epithelial Tissues
answer
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar
question
Squamous
answer
flat, plate like. Ex. Blood vessel lining
question
Cuboidal
answer
Round or cuboidal Ex. Kidney Tubules
question
Columnar
answer
cylindrical Ex. Intestinal lining
question
Pseudostratified columnar
answer
Irregular, nuclei not uniform in position. Ex. Upper Respiratory tract lining
question
Stratified Epithelial
answer
Squamous Cuboidal, Columnar Transitional
question
Squamous Strat
answer
deepest cells reproduce, pushing daughter cells towards the surface. They gradually die and assume a flattened shape as they move farther from their nutrient source in the underlying connective tissue.
question
Cuboidal, Columnar Strat
answer
Rare in the body. Usually seen where one type of epithelium is blending into another type of epithelium.
question
Transitional
answer
capable of considerable stretching Ex. Urinary Bladder Lining.
question
Glandular Epithelium
answer
can secrete substances directly into the bloodstream, or out onto a body surface.
question
Connective Tissue
answer
Holds the body together and gives it support
question
Six main types
answer
adipose loose areolar elastic dense fibrous cartilage bone
question
Adipose connective tissue
answer
consists of collections of lipid-storing cells.
question
Loose areolar connective tissue
answer
Found throughout the body wherever cushioning and flexibility are needed. (made from fibrous cells, and fibroblasts).
question
Elastic connective Tissue
answer
capable of stretching and returning to its original state.
question
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
answer
Same components as loose areolar tissue but is much more dense. Fibers are arranged in parallel bundles
question
Cartilage
answer
consists of a few cells called chondrocytes and various amounts of fibers.
question
Articular surface
answer
surface where a bone forms a joint with another bone. Usually very smooth
question
Condyle
answer
Large convex articular surface usually found on the distal ends of long bones
question
Foramen
answer
a hole in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves usually pass
question
Fossa
answer
A depression in a bone usually occupied by a muscle or tendon
question
Bone Head
answer
A small convex articular surface usually found on the proximal ends of some limb bones.
question
A process, tuber, tubercle, tuberosity, or trochanter
answer
a lump or bump on the surface of a bone.
question
Axial Skeleton
answer
Composed of bones located on the axis or mid line of the body. It's made up of the bones of the skull, the bones of the spinal column, the ribs, and the sternum
question
Intercostal spaces
answer
the spaces between the ribs
question
ribs
answer
ribcage
question
splint bone
answer
third leg bone
question
Claws and hooves
answer
claws and hooves are horny structures that cover the distal ends of the digits. They are composed of keratinized cells
question
Horns
answer
composed of bundles of keratinized cells. organized around boney horn cores.
question
Arteries
answer
Carry blood away from heart
question
veins
answer
carry blood towards the heart
question
Negative pressure in the thorax
answer
normal (partial vacuum).
question
Types of teeth
answer
Incisors 4 Canines premolars molars
question
the bulk of the tooth is made of...
answer
dentin
question
Simple stomach
answer
Single chamber
question
Ruminant Forestomachs
answer
3 chambers until true stomach.
question
Rumen
answer
Largest forestomach makes up 80 percent. Function is microbial fermentation
question
Reticulum
answer
most cranial and makes up 5% of total stomach volume. For heavy foreign material. (wire, nails, or screws)
question
Omasum
answer
7% of total stomach volume. For fluids
question
Abomasum
answer
True stomach (makes up 8% of total stomach volume). same function as simple stomach.
