USACMLS Hazardous Materials Awareness – Flashcards
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Hazmat responders have legal implications:
Liability -
Negligence -
Standard of Care - |
Responsible to perform, legally bound
Failure to act
do not go above and beyond your level of competency |
Difference between laws and regulations -
Code of Federal Regulation:
carry the weight of.... How many titles? |
Laws - enacted by legislation
Regulation - mandated by laws and tell how to comply/implement the laws correctly.
there are 50 titles and they carry the weight of a law
|
Clean Water Act: Established (3 things)
Mandates Federal Regulations |
National Response System (NRS)
National Contingency Plan (NCP)
National Response Team (NRT)
|
Resourse Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Key Word: |
Key Word: Waste
Deals with treatment, storage and disposal
Environmentally safe handling |
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liablility Act of 1980
(CERCLA)
Commonly known as the _____
Expanded the _____
Cradle-to-Grave |
Commonly known as the superfund
Expanded the NRT
Cradle-to-Grave - if you create the chemical, you must properly dispose of it.
Also emphasized emergency response |
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Key Words: ______
Covered Under: ________
Created in 1970
Covers what safety issues (7) |
Key Words: Worker Safety
Covered under: 29 CFR 1910:120
1) Emergency Response Plans 2) Incident Command System 3) Presence of a safety officer 4) Appropriate protective equipment 5) Buddy system 6) Backup personnel 7) EMS Support |
EPA 40 CFR 300-311
|
National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan.
Uses the same regulation (29 CFR 1910.120) as OSHA so EPA and OSHA states are the same |
DOT 49 CFR 100-199
(look for key in title as to what it regulates, there are 6 things)
Enforced by _____ and ______ agencies |
Covers Hazmat Transportation Regulations (hence the DOT)
1) Shipping Requirements 2) Placards and labeling 3) Shipping papers 4) Containers 5) Classifications
Enforced by state and local agencies |
Consensus Standards -
Mandatory when adopted, but will be judged by peer review (must abide by even if not adopted) Updated on a 5 year cycle explain the following: NFPA 471 - NFPA 472- chap 4 NFPA 473- |
NFPA 471 - the recommended practices (before qualification) Applies to all responders, common terminology, personal protection, safty, communications
NFPA 472 - professional competancy (tells you what you can do) 29 CFR 1920.120 based on this Exceeds EPA and OSHA requirements
NFPA 473 - EMS Competency |
Awareness level first responders:
May be the first at the scene
They are expected to: (4 things) |
1) Recongize the presence of hazardous materials
2) protect themselves
3) call for trained personnel/assistance
4) secure the area |
An Awareness level first responder should:
Analyze the incident (Survey/look - don't touch) Implement (from the LERP, SOP and ERG) ; (Elaborate on these two) |
1) Analyze the incident a) Detect - presence of hazardous material b) Survey - from a safe location c) Collect - info from ERG ; 2) Implement ; a) Initiate Protective Actions (Isolation/Protection) b) Initiate the notification process |
; Define: ; NFPA: Hazardous Materials ; ; DOT: Hazardous Materials |
NFPA: defined by NFPA 472. A hazardous material is a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) that when relased is capable of creating harm to people, the environment, and property ; DOT: Poses an unresonable risk to the health and safety of operating or emergency personnel, the public and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation. It covers all of the hazard classes/divisions. |
Define: ; Hazardous Substances: ; ; Extremely Hazardous Substances: |
Hazardous substances: EPA term for chemicals that, if released into the environment above a certain amound, must be reported, and, depending on the threat to the environment federal involvment in handling the incident can be authorized ; Extremely Hazardous Substances: EPS term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorites if released above the threshold reporting quantity |
Define: ; Toxic Chemicals - ; Hazardous Wastes - |
Toxic Chemicals: EPA term for chemicals whose total emissions or release must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical ; Hazardous Wastes: EPA term for chemicals that are regulated under the Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) |
Define: ; Hazardous Checmicals - ; Highly Hazardous Chemicals - ; Dangerous Goods - ; |
Hazardous Chemicals: OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would be a risk to emplyees if exposed in the work place ; Highly Hazardous Chemicals: OSHA term for those chemicals that possess toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties ; Dangerous Goods: Hazardous materials in Canada |
; ; ; ; The DOT has classified hazardous materials according to their _____ _____ |
; ; Primary Danger ; Materials that have more than one danger will only be groupled under the one considered the worst ; (Canada's hazard classes are the same as ours) |
Classes of Hazards
Every Good Little Soldier Oughta Practice Reconizing Corrosive Materials |
Explosive Gases (compressed) Flammable Liquid Flammable Solid Oxidizer Poisons Radioactive Corrosive Miscellaneous |
Class 1 - Explosion
Placard has Orange Background
Division 1.1 - Mass explosion Hazard (examples)
Division 1.2 - Projection Hazard but not mass explosion (examples) |
1.1 examples - black powder, TNT, dynomite
1.2 examples - aerial flares, detonation cord, power device cartridges |
Division 1.3 - Fire Hazard plus either or both a minor blast and/or minor projection hazard (examples)
Division 1.4 - Minor explosion Hazard does not contain more than 25 grams (.9oz) of a detonating material if detonated, mostly confined to package (examples) |
1.3 examples: Liquid-fueled rocket motors, propellant explosives
1.4 examples: Line throwing rockets, practice ammunitin, and signal cartidges |
Division 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives (can have a mass explosion, but are stable substances that would need a catalyst)
Division 1.6 - Extremely insensitive articles - no mass explosion hazard |
1.5 examples - prilled ammonium, nitrate fertilizer, fuel oil mixtures (blasting agents)
1.6 examples - Squib devices |
Class 2 - Gases
Placards:
Flammable - Red background, white flame Non-flammable - green background, white cylinder Oxidizer - Yellow background, Flaming 'O' Poision Gas - white background, skull and crossbones |
Major Hazard: BLEVE
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion |
Division 2.1 - Flammable Gas -
boiling point less than 20 C or 68 F and 14.7 psi (examples)
Division 2.2 - Nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas. includes, pressurized cryogenic gas and liquified gas (examples) |
Division 2.1 examples - inhibited butadienes, methyl chloride, propane
Division 2.2 examples - anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic argon, carbon dioxide, compressed nitrogen |
Division 2.3 - Poisonous Gas (toxic if inhaled) poses a transportation hazard (examples)
Division 2.4 Corrosive Gases (Canada) |
Division 2.3 examples - anhydrous hydrogen fluride, arsine, chlorine, and methyle bromide
Division 2.4 anhydrous ammonia |
Class 3 - Flammable and Combustable Liquid
Major Hazard - Burns easy
Placards:
Red background with flammable or combustible on them
|
Flammable Liquid - flash point of 141 F or less
3.1 - flash point less than 0 F 3.2 - flash point 0 to 73 F 3.3 - flash point 73 F - 141 F
Examples - acetone, amyl acetate, gasoline, methyl alcohol, toluene
Combustible Liquid- doesn't meet the definition of other hazard classes and has a flash point between 140 F and 200 F ; |
Division 4 - Flammable Soldi, Spontaneously Combustible and Dangerous When Wet ; Major Hazard - rapid combustion and lots of smoke ; Placards: Flammable Solid - Red and white verticle stripes Spontaneously Combustible - White top red bottom Dangerous when Wet - blue background |
Division 4.1 - Flammable Solid ; 1) Wetted explosives- wetted with liquid to suppress explosive properties 2) Self-reactive materials- decompose due to high transport temperatures or contamination 3) Readily combustible solids - cause fire through friction ; Examples: magnesium, nitrocellulose |
Division 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible material; ; 1) Pyrophoric material - can ignite w/in 5 minutes of contact with air 2) Self-heating material - self-heats with air ; Examples: aluminum alkls, charcoal briquttes, magnesuim alkyls, phosphorus |
Division 4.3 - Dangerous when wet ; Becomes spontaneously flammable or gives off toxic gas when contacted by water ; Examples: calcuim carbide, magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys, sodium hydride |
Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxide ; Major Hazards ; 5.1 - Supports Combustion, intensifies fire 5.2 - Unstable/Reactive Explosives ; Placards: Yellow with Flaming 'O' ; |
Division 5.1 - Oxidizer - yeilds oxygen, can cause or enhance combustion of other materials ; Examples: ammonium nitrate, bromine trifluorioide, calcuim hypochlorite ; Division 5.2 - Organic Peroxide - Contains a bivelent [O-O] structure Cannot transport type A organic peroxides ; examples: dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, peroxyacetic acid |
Class 6 - Poison (Toxic) and Poision inhalation ; Major Hazard - toxic and infectious ; Placard: ; white with skull and crossbones ; ; |
Division 6.1 - Poisonous Materials - anything but gas that is known or thought to be toxic ; Examples: aniline arsenic comounds, carbon tetrachloride, tear gas candles, hydrocyanic acid ; Division 6.2 - Infetious Substances - a viable microorganism or toxin that cause disease (infectious substance/etiologic) ; Examples: anthrax, botulism, rabies, tetanus ; ; |
Class 7 - Radioactive ; Major hazard - Radioactive poisonous burns ; placard: ; yellow top, white bottom with a propeller ; Key Words: _____ |
; ; Key Words of definition is .002 mirocurie per gram ; examples: cobalt, uranium, hexafluoride, yellow cake |
Class 8 - Corrosive ; Major Hazard - burns/emulsification skin damage ; Placard: ; white top, black bottom, broken test tubes dumping on hand and metal bar |
; ; A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes irreversible damage ; Examples: nitric acid, phosphorus trichloride, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid |
Class 9 - Miscellaneous ; Placard: Black and white verticle stripes on top - white bottom ; Definition - a material that is a hazard but doesn't fit in other classes
Examples: adipic acid, PCBs, molten sulfer |
Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D) No Placard (Labels Only)
Limited hazard
Examples: fingernail polich, small arms ammunition |
Forbidden - no placard because they are never transported
Marine Pollutat - has an adverse affect on aquatic life
Dangerous - two items are more than 1,001 lbs |
Elevated Temperature Material -
placard: HOT with a #
1) Liquid at 212 F 2) Liquid with flash point at 100 F
Intentionally shipped above flash point - in solid state (temp above 464 F)
examples: Asphalt/tar |
Hazardous Materials Incident Emergencies have the potential for doing great harm since:
1) thier effects are far ______ and ______ 2) Long term effects on the ______, _____, and ______ 3) responders must be specifically ____ and ______ |
1) far reaching and severe 2) environment, people, property 3) trained and equipped |
Community locations where hazardous materials are manufactured, transported, stored, used, disposed of:
(8 examples) |
1) Warehouses 2) tank farms 3) Weapons depots 4) Hospitals 5) Laboratories 6) Truck Terminals 7) Flight Line areas 8) maintenance facilities |
Pre-incident plans
NOT subject to regulations affecting transported materials.
LERD - Local emergency response plan - will help develop a pre-incident plan
Make one BEFORE the incident
|
Radioactive Containers -
Protective overpacks (type A) smaller quantities packages must maintain shipping properites
Casks (type B) - large transport systems (trains/trucks) - have reinforcing rings and cooling fins |
Type B - Gets accidental damage testing - including a 30 foot drop.
Pressurized products -
Cylinders - rounded ends and without welded seams
High Pressure Cargo Tank - transports liquefied gas. Round ends (cigar) |
More Type B shipping containers
Pressure Rail Car - Single protective housing on top that contains all valves (ladder to top)
High Pressure Tube Trailer - group on 2 - 20 stainless steal cylinders. Compressed Gas not liquid
Tube Module - cylinders in an 8x8 pen frame box. compressed not liquid gas |
Cryogenic Containers - tank within a tank - insulated carry refrigerated liquids
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo tank - has 2 door box on back end. Cylinder shape with end jutted out over wheels
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car - The work box in in the middle, no climbing on top. |
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tank - the tank is within the wheel well, has overturn protection
Non-pressure Liquid Cargo Tank - Tank even with outer wheels, Has a vapor recovery line, all the valves are easy access at the bottom (carries Gasoline)
Non -pressure Tank Cars - has a large area up top but it isn't as tall off the car. |
| Dry bulk Cargo Tank -; has V's at the bottoms all over. |
NFPA 704 System - is used on fixed facilities
Red - Flammability (4 is very flammable) Yellow - Reactivity (4 is most reactive) Blue - Health (4 is most dangerous) White - Special Hazards (not numbered)
(white uses the crossed out w for reactive with water and the OX for reative with Oxygen)
|
This system doesn't tell what is inside |
Military Hazardous Material Markings - ; Class 1, Division 1 - Mass Detonation hazard (dynamite) Octagon Class 1, Division 2 - Explosion w/ fragmentation hazard (flare) An X Class 1, Division 3 - Mass Fire (fire grenade) upside-down triangle Class 1, Division 4 - Moderate Fire (distress signal) Diamond |
Special Warnings ; Red man - Highly toxic Yellow Man - harassing agents White man- white phoshorus munitions ; Red with crossed out bucket - apply no water Blue with mask - wear protective breathing apparatus |
Special Hazared Communication Markings - ; PCB labels HMIS marking system ; Pipeline Markers - made of metal (POE) ; ; |
Required P - Product O - Owner E - Emergency phone # ; Optional signal word (warning) ; Container Marking - containers often are stenciled w/ what is inside them. |
MSDS ; all employees have a 'right to know' what materials are in their workspace. ; OSHA |
MSDS ; 1) Manufacturers name and location 2)Name and family of chemical 3) Hazardous ingredients 4) Physical data 5) Fire and explosive data 6) Health Hazard data 7) Spill or leak procedures 8) Special protection information 9) special precautions to be taken |
Shipping Papers ; 1) Prer shipping name 2) Hazard Class and Division 3) Product ID number UN/NA ID #, STCC, CAS 4) Packing groups |
CHEMTREC ; Call them 24/7 if shipping papers are not available |
Ways to ID Hazardous Materials using normal senses ; (3 Ways - examples) ; Serious Limitations If you are close enough to see or smell a material, you may have endangered yourself and be at risk of injury |
Sight visible corrosive actions Chemical reactions pooling liquids Condensation lines on pressure tanks Injured victims or casualties fire or vapor cloud ; Sound Hissing or pressure releases ; Odor fire or vapor cloud Gas leaks |
; ; Targets/indicators of terrorist/criminal attacks ; (9 examples) |
Places of public assembly Public Buildings Mass transit systems Places with high economic impact telecommunications facilities places with historical or symbolic significance military installations airport industrial facilities |
Chemical Terrorist attack ; Signs and symptoms take only minutes to hours ; Can have: ; Colored residue Dead foliage Pungent odor Dead insect and animal life |
Biological Terrorist Attack ; Signs and symptoms take days to weeks ; No characteristics because they are normally colorless an odorless ; Migration of infected individuals make attack widespread ; Can transmit disease from person to person |
Specific Hazards in a Facility ; NFPA 704 on storage container (LERP) ; MSDS ; ID hazardous materials BEFORE and incident occurs ; |
Specific Hazards of Transportation ; Placard or label missing Hazard class but no ID Mixed loads with only one placard error in placarding or labeling shipping papers not accessible ; |
To get UN/NA ID numbers for Transporation ; ERG ; Shipping Papers |
To get names of hazardous materials in facility ; MSDS ; Markings on containers ; Emergency planning documents (LERP) ; but ID the hazards BEFORE the incident |
Precautions to protect yourself ; Best way: Evacuate ; 2nd Best: In-place protection ; stay inside away from doors and windows shut off all air systems ; |
| Precautions when providing emergency medical care |
