US HISTORY WWII – Flashcards
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What happened at Manchuria?
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Japan wanted their natural resources, the US responded by enacting Stimson Doctrine
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What happened at Ethiopia?
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Italy wanted to expand into new areas; US responded by US embargo on Italy
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What happened at Albania?
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Italian dictator Mussolini had imperialistic views; the US did not get involved
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What happened at Rhineland?
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Germany wasn't allowed to have troops in this region; the US did not get involved
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Who was Senator Henry Calbot Lodge?
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Isolationist, who refused to sign Versailles Treaty
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What happened at the Washington Disarmament Conference?
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Anglo Japanese Alliance obligated Britain to aid Japan in case of a war between the US and Japan
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What was the Five Power Treaty?
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Japan got guarantee that US and Britain would stop fortifying their far east territories
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What was the Kellogg Briand Pact?
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Dedicated to outlawing aggression and war as tools of foreign policy
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What were problems of Kellogg Briand Pact?
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There was no forms of real enforcement
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What was Hoover Stimson Doctrine?
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The US would not recognize any occupational territory acquired by force
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Why the FDR recognize the USSR?
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Believed it would anger Japan, and trade with Russia would help boost American economy out of depression
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What was the Nye Committee Hearing?
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They investigated the charge that the US entry into WWI was needless and we entered so munitions officers could make big profits
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What were results of Nye Committee Hearing?
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They did charge that bakers wanted war to make money and that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing into war zones, enacted Neutrality Acts
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What did the Neutrality Acts proclaim?
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Prohibited sales of arms and loans to belligerent nations, forbade Americans to travel on vessels from countries at war, non military goods must be purchased on cash and carry basis
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What was the Panay Incident?
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Japan bombed gun boats and oil tankers to test US resolve they apologized and America accepted this showed Japan that US would not get involved
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What began the allies involvement in war?
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Invasion of Poland
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What happened as result of France surrendering to Germany?
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Britain now stood alone against Germany the US responded with destroyer deal
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What was the BLITZ?
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Germany launched multiple air bombing raids on Britain
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How did the US respond to BLITZ?
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Lend Lease Act
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What was the Lend Lease Act?
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The US would lend supplies and ammunition to countries fighting facism
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What was the Atlantic Charter?
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FDR meets Churchill in north Atlantic; FDR promises to do everything to force and incident Germany, discussed post war plans and formation of United Nations
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What date was Pearl Harbor?
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December 7th 1941
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What did FDR call the day of Pearl Harbor?
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A day that will live in infamy
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What is appeasement?
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Policy of making concessions to dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflcit
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What was the policy of appeasement that Great Britain and France followed?
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Was at the weakness of WWI; both wanted peace at any price; both were not ready for war; Germany had genuine objectives for rejecting Versailles Treaty; some politicians supported Hitler
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What were historical factors that led to following policy of appeasement?
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The League of Nations condemned certain actions resulting in belligerent nations taking over territories such as when they condemned Japan for taking over Manchuria so they invaded China
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Was the policy of appeasement effective?
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No it made Hitler confident that other countries would not interfere with him so he began to push boundries
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Was war with Germany avoidable?
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No the allies would not have been able to sit back and watch Hitler invaded and destroy all of their allies so they would be left alone in world
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What was the first overall strategic decision made by American and British military leaders in World War II?
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First concentrate to defeat Germany
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What did Allies envision as "final blow"
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To be delivered across English channel
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What were motivations behind TORCH?
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Reduce the pressure on Soviet Union
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What was Germany's grand strategy?
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Defeat Britain by ariel bombardment and destroying their resources and military in middle east
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How did allies plan to exploit success of TORCH?
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By attacking strategic islands used for air bases
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How would have the defeat of Russia effected the allies?
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They wouldn't have been able to send supplies and would have and to wait until Spring
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Why did Stalin want to open second front?
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So Germany would be forced to fight in two seperate regions
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What were problems with opening second front?
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We would lose unnecessary amount of resources and troops and it was too big of a risk because if we lost Germany could easily win
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Where were Americas two fronts?
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Europe and Japan
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What was Operation Overlord?
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enter the heart of Europe in order to defeat Germany
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Who was Commanding General of D-Day?
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Dwight D Eisenhower
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What was Atlantic Wall?
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German defense had obstacles in water such as hedgehogs then on the beaches there were minefields and then there was artillery forces behind that
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How did America deceive Germany?
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America convinced Germany they would be invading at another point because it was closer they did this by having fake planes and tanks and decoy troops
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What were the five beaches of Normandy?
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Utah, Omaha, Juno, Gold, Sword
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What was most bloodiest battle of Normandy?
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Omaha
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What does D-Day stand for?
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Nothing
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What was Eisenhower's biggest concern on D-Day?
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Weather
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Where and when was Battle of the Bulge?
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December 16th, 1944 Ardennes Forest
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Who was involved in Battle of the Bulge?
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Canada Britain USA vs Germany
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What was the purpose of Battle of the Bulge?
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Hitler convinced himself that allies were not strong and that Germany could defeat them and break them up
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Why was it called the Battle of the Bulge?
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Germans created bulge in America front line
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How did the Battle of the Bulge begin?
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It began in favor of Germany because it was surprise attack; German spies conjured up miscommunication; weather allowed for superior allied air forces to be grounded
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What was the outcome of the Battle of the Bulge?
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Largest battle Americans fought in WWII; Germans could not win because they had no fuel; defeated Germans
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What were some of the meetings of Big Three?
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Washington Conferences, Casablanca,Tehran, Yalta
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What happened at Yalta conference?
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Final plans for defeat of Germany, postwar plans, United Nations, divide Germany
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Why do people criticize FDR at Yalta?
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He conformed to Russia's needs due to the fact that he needed their support in the war against Japan
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What was strategic or precision bombing?
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Only target military bases and targets not harm citizens
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What was area bombing?
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Attacked citizens in hope of evoking surrender
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What was the America First Committee?
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Advocated building US defenses and staying out of war
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What was the War Powers Act?
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Gave president power to conduct war, foreign assets frozen, censorship allowed
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What were women's roles during war?
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Took over jobs for servicemen, work in defensive plants, grow victory garden
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Who was Rosie the Riveter?
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Symbol of working women during war
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What were war bonds?
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helped to fiance war
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What was executive order 9066?
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Allowed military to round up all Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans for fear of security problem
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What happened in Korematsu vs US case?
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He refused to go to camps, case went to court and the supreme court ruled it was acceptable due to presidents war time power
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What was the 442nd Combat Team?
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Made of Japanese Americans who had something to prove so were most decorated combat unit
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When did Roosevelt die?
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April 12th
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Who came into office when Roosevelt died?
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Truman
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What is V-E Day?
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Victory in Europe Day May 6-7
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What was the Nuremberg War Trials?
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Held where Hitler held rallies charged people for war crimes
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What were the charges?
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Conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, planning and initiating aggression, war crimes, crimes against hummanity
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What was name of Japanese honor code that prohibited surrender?
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Boshito
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What was Battan Death March?
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Japanese forced American and Philippine POW to march 65 miles many died along way
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What was purpose behind Battle of Midway?
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Japan extended their defensive line in fear of more air raids
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What is island hopping?
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Strategy to move closer and closer to Japan
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What is Iwo Jima?
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Volcanic Japanese island where famous american flag raising picture was taken
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What were Japanese suicide pilots called?
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Kamakasi
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What country did the Battle of Coral Sea prevent Japan from taking over?
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Australia
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What was last Pacific battle?
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Okinawa
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What was Truman's purpose in using atomic bomb?
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To quickly end war and spare American lives and resources
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What was Hirohito's role in war?
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The emperor convinced the government to surrender
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Who was Isoroku Yamamoto?
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He was commander in chief if Japanese fleet he was responsible for Pearl Harbor and Midway
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What was backdoor theory?
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Theory that Roosevelt had prior knowledge to attack on Pearl Harbor in order to gain Americans support for war he wanted to join
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What was Manhattan Project?
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Construction of atomic bomb
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What two places did we drop atomic bomb?
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
