US History Unit 3 Study sheet – Flashcards
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Freedman's Bureau
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the federal agency created to help emancipated African Americans adjust to life as free people
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what new freedoms did emancipated African Americans gain under reconstruction
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the right to vote, own land, create churches, and do sharecropping
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what were the accomplishments of the freedmen's Bureau
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helped former slaves by finding jobs that paid fair wage, set up courts to ensure justice for African-Americans, set up schools
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what did the 15th amendment accomplished
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protect the voting rights of African-Americans
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what was the compromise of 1877
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Rutherford B Hayes would be named president and in return the remaining federal troops at the South would be removed
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many white southerners reacted to the changes brought about during Reconstruction by finding ways around them and disobeying them. The white Southerners felt that enough had been done for African-Americans.
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KKK Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veterans to terrorize African-Americans and prevent them from voting. They also tried to scare away Northerners and those who sympathized with them
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Oliver Otis Howard
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leader of the freedmen's Bureau
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Rutherford B Hayes
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won the presidency in 1876 because of the compromise of 1877
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transcontinental
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across the continent
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range
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the vast public grasslands in the West where cattle graze freely
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cow hand
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a hired person who looks after cattle
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How did the railroads change the American West
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it made it easier to travel from the East, increased conflicts between Native Americans and settlers, brought new ethnic groups to America West
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what two companies built the first transcontinental railroad
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Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad
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what was the purpose of the long cattle drives
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the value of the capital was much more in the north then in Texas. $2 Texas = $40 North
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why did the cowhands have to stand guard at night
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so that the cattle would not be stolen
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homesteader
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a person who received the land on which to build a house and farm
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exoduster
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an African-American who moved to the great planes in the late 1800s
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cooperative
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an organization that is jointly owned by those who use its services
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how did the Homestead act of 1862 encourage settlement of the Great Plains
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it promised them 160 acres of land if they agree to live on it and farm for five years
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how did the Grange improve farmers lives
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it was a social organization that formed cooperatives that improved farmers livese by helping to save money by buying supplies in large quantities and selling products in large quantities
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what were three problems faced by farmers
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rain, lack of trees for wood to build houses and for heat, and natural disasters
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what was the farmers political party that they created
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populist or People's party
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what reforms to the Populist party call for
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government railroad ownership and income that is higher for the rich than the poor, loan programs to help farmers pay off debts, political reform, and shorter workdays
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promontory point
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where the Union Pacific Central Pacific railroads meet
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Black Hills
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Dakota location held at the last gold rush in the United States
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Comstock lode
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mine in Nevada which yielded more than $300 million worth of gold and silver
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Laura Ingalls Wilder
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published Little house on the prairie, which was about her experiences growing up on a homestead
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Oliver H Kelly
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founded the social organization known as the Grange
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General James B. Weaver
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the Populist party nominee for the 1892 presidential election
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William McKinley
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Democratic presidential nominee won the election of 1892
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assimilate
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to become absorbed into a main culture
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what happened at Sand Creek
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Cheyenne and Arapahoe were told if they want peace to camp near local forts. In spite of Native American peaceful intentions, Colonel John Chivington led 1200 militia to attack the camp. Chief black cattle tried to stop the attack by raising the US flag and white flag but they were attacked anyway massacring 150-500 Native American men, women and children
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how was the battle of little bighorn different from the fighting at wounded knee
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little bighorn was caused by wanting gold and the Indians not wanting to have to move and wounded knee was a massacre of Indians for no reason
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US government passed the Dawes Act in 1887 to break up the reservations
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the government promised to give food, clothing and supplies to native Americans so they would move to reservations
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an attack by the Colorado militia on native Americans gathered at Sand Creek marked the beginning of the native American wars
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Native American warriors led by sitting bull and crazy horse defeated Lieutenant Colonel George Custer in the Battle of Little bighorn
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the wars between native Americans and settlers on the southern great planes ended with the surrender of the Apache leader Geronimo
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native American resistance in the West ended after government troops killed sitting bull and 200 sieve people at wounded knee
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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spoke out against the unfair treatment of Indians, wrote a book that documented the broken promises made to Native Americans
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Colonel John Chivington
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Colonel of the Colorado militia that massacred many Indians at Sand Creek
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chief Joseph
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leader of the Nez Perce Indians, uttered the famous speech "I will fight no more forever"
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George Armstrong Custer
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led 200 American soldiers to their deaths in the Battle of Little bighorn
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wounded knee Creek
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site of the Indian massacre that ended the Native American resistance in the West
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Bessemer process
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a method for producing a stronger type of steel
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patent
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a grant that gives an inventor the sole right to make and sell an invention for a set period of time
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what are three industries that contributed to industrial growth in the 1800s
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the electricity (light), transportation (railroad), communication (telephone)
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what was the effect of the Bessemer process
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a faster and cheaper way to produce iron ore thus creating plenty of coal for fuel and iron ore
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collective-bargaining
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talks between a union and an employer about working conditions
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why were most labor strikes in the late 1800s unsuccessful
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because only the violent got attention and most strikes were not violent, they were also poorly organized
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Henry Bessemer
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invented a new, quicker, process for making steel
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Isaac Singer
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inventor of the sewing machine
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Kitty Hawk
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site of the first successful airplane flight
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J.P. Morgan
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investment banker who made his money by financing corporations
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Andrew Carnegie
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became rich by monopolizing the steel industry
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Knights of labor
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one of the largest unions during the latter part of the 1800s
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Samuel Gompers
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leader of the American Federation of labor
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Eugene Debs
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founder of the American railroad union
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Samuel Morse
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inventor of the single wire telegraph system and Morse code
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the transcontinental railroad connected California with the East
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