US History Unit 2 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Who made up Washington's first cabinent?
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Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox, Randolph
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When was the bill of rights added to the Constitution?
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1789
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What were the first sources of revenue for the new gov?
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Tariff of 1789
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How was the first bank an example of implied powers of the constitution?
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It gave the federal gov power
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What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?
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1791 Congress Tax
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What were the nations first political parties?
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Federalists and Republicans
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How did they differ in political philosophy?
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Federalists- strong national gov Republicans- smaller and local gov
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What was the purpose of Jay's Treaty?
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Prevent war with Great Britain and protect the US economy
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What freedoms were won as a result of Pinkney's treaty?
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Navigate Mississippi and use port of New Orleans
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What was significant about Washington's farewell address?
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Warned against sectionalism, political parties and dangers of being attached to any foreign nation
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What infuriated the Americans into a "quasi" war with France?
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French were stopping US ships
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What were the Alien and Sedition Acts a result of?
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"Quasi" War
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What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions?
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Criticizing Alien and Sedition Acts
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What political theory did each introduce to American politics?
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interposition and nullification
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Who won the election of 1800?
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Jefferson
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Why was the election of 1800 significant to the future of the American republic?
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Before Federalists controlled everything
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How did Jeffersons administration differ from Washington's and Adam's?
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Integrated Republican and Federalist policies
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What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
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Doubled the size of the us and gave control of the Mississippi river
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What was significant about Lewis and Clark's expedition out west?
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Path through the Rocky's and claim to Oregon
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Who was John Marshall?
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Chief justice of US
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What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
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Enabled the court power to declare laws unconstitutional or invalid
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What military branch of the US was created to deal with the Barbary pirates?
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The Marines
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Why did the British practice impressment?
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They needed more recruits so they would kidnap US sailors
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What region of the US made up the "War Hawks" in congress?
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South and West
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Why did they want another war with England?
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The nation's reputation was in danger and they wanted to stop British impressment of US sailors
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How did the Americans manage to win the war of 1812?
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Won battle of Lake Champlain and New Orleans
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How did the US victory affect the overall moral of the nation?
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Gave a strong national pride
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What was the "era of good feelings" after the war or 1812 based upon?
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James Monroe's presidency
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What were the reasons behind the tariff of 1816?
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To protect US manufactures by taxing imports
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What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden?
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Both strengthened the federal gov at states expense
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What territories did the US gain as a result of the Adams-Onis treaty?
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Western border of Louisiana purchase
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What was the significance of the Monroe doctrine?
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Policy of preventing European powers from interfering in Latin American political affairs
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How did the Erie Canal revolutionize travel?
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Connected Hudson
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Who was Robert Fulton?
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Invented steamboat
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What were the key developments of the industrial revolution?
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Factories and free enterprise system
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How did free enterprise encourage industrialization?
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Could acquire capital and decide how to use it
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What was Francis Lowell's contribution to the process of industrialization?
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Textile Mill Machinery
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What concept did Eli Whitney's cotton gin popularize?
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Interchangeable parts
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How did industrialization contribute to the rise of large cities in the north?
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People from farms and villages moved to towns
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Why were labour unions beginning to emerge in the early 19th century?
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Working conditions needed to be improved
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Who made up the populations of the large northern cities in the 19th century?
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Upperclass and farmers
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What invention transformed southern agriculture?
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Cotton gin
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How did the demand for cotton strengthen the institution of slavery?
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More workers needed more production
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WHy did industrialization lag in the south?
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Only 3 large cities, mostly plantations and villages
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WHat was southern society centered around in the 19th century?
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Plantations
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How did slave systems of labor differ on small and large plantations?
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Small-task system Large-gang system
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Who was Frederick Douglass?
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Went from a slave to leader of antislavery movement
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What was the plight of free African Americans during the 19th century?
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Bad treatment and needed to obtain special licenses
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Who led the first major slave uprising in the US?
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Gabriel Prosser
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Who led the most famous slave uprising in the US?
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Nat Turned
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What were the specifics of the Missouri compromise?
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Maine-free Missouri-slave
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How did Henry Clay influence the election of 1824? Who won?
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Managed the votes in return for a cabinet position , John Adams
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Why was Adam's victory considered a "corrupt bargain" by Jackson?
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Named Clay secretary of state
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How did the expansion of suffrage affect voter turn out in the election of 1828?
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More people voted
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How was Andrew Jackson perceived by much of the populace that elected him?
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Admired him and had similar orgins
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What was the spoils system that Jackson created?
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Giving gov jobs based on party loyalty
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What political tradition was created by Jackson as a means of nominations future presidential candidates?
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Cacus system
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What issue was at the heart of the nullification crisis?
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Tariff of abomination
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How was the nullification crisis solved?
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South Carolina exposition and protest
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What was the Indian removal act?
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Money for relocation Native Americans
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What supreme court case overturned the Indian Removal Act?
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Worcester v Georgia
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What was Jackson's response to the Court's decision?
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Considered it act of treason
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What event was the result of the US policy toward Native Americans during this era?
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Indian Removal Act
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Why was the charter of a second national bank such a debated issue in Jackson's second term?
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Jackson believed that it was unconstitutional
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What political group emerged during Jackson's period in office specifically opposed to him?
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Whigs
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What president was elected in 1840 and died in office 32 days later?
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Harrison
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Where did the largest wave of immigrants come from between 1845-1850?
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Germany and Ireland
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Why did so many Germans immigrate to the US?
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Violence and repression
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Why did nativism become so strong in the mid 1850's?
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People were Anti-Catholic
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What was the basic message of the second great awakening?
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Revive commitment to religion
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What was Charles Grandison Finney's feelings about politics and society?
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To each his own, used emotion
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Who was the founder of the Mormon movement?
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Joseph Smith
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What type of society did the Shakers wish to create?
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Utopian community
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How did romanticism differ from rationalism?
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Romanticism- feeling over reason Rationalism- reason over feeling
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What was American romanticism called?
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Transcendentalism
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Who were some of the great American writers the emerged during the romantic period?
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Emerson and Thoreau
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What was the goal of the reform movement of the mid 19th century?
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Create special institutions
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What were benevolent societies?
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Under a religious leader
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What role did women play in the reform movement?
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Wanted equal education
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What was the goal of the temperance movement?
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Moderate alcohol consumption
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Who created the first model for public education?
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Horace Mann
