US History. Unit 2 Reveiw – Flashcards
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What was one outcome of laissez-faire economic policies?
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Businesses paid workers very little.
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How did the government actively help railroad companies?
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By giving them huge pieces of land.
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What problem did the Supreme Court deal with in their decisions in the Slaughterhouse Cases?
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Businesses have rights but not responsibilities.
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Immigrants from which country came to the Unites States to build the railroads?
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China
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What did some businesses do to make sure the government did not get involved with their industries?
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They secretly gave money to members of Congress
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What happens when a trust is formed?
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A company or a group of people are able to control many other companies together.
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What do you call an agreement made between different companies to charge the same amount for products?
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Price- fixing
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What is true about how the robber barons did business?
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They became rich by building monopolies
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What happened to John D. Rockefeller's wealth?
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He gave much of his money away to charities for the poor.
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What does a Monopoly do?
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Controls an industry
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What did John D. Rockerfeller believe?
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He should give his money away
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Which industry did Andrew Carnegie dominate?
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The steel industry
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Which of these men held a monopoly in the Oil industry?
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John D. Rockefeller
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What causes workers to strike?
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Poor working conditions
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What did the railway strike of 1877 do for workers?
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Showed workers that organized labor was powerful
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What was a reason for the early success of the Knights of Labor?
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They allowed both skilled and unskilled workers
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How did the industrial revolution change working conditions for people?
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Machines started to replace workers
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What was not a reason that children of immigrant families had to get jobs?
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There were no schools available for them to go
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What was the largest group that made the least money?
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Unskilled workers.
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Why did managers have so much power over their unskilled workers?
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They were easy to replace
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Why did many children work?
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families needed the additional income to make ends meet
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What was not an early goal of the Knights of Labor?
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To push for temperance
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What was considered a "pull" factor to get people to immigrate to the United States?
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More personal freedom the United States
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What was an example of an ethnic enclave in New York City
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Chinatown
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What groups pooled money together to provide help to new immigrants?
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Benevolent associations
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How did the invention of the railroads help poorer immigrants from Eastern Europe get to the United States?
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Railroads made it easier to get to seaports in western Europe
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What was an example of assimilation?
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Learning how to speak English
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The "third" wave of immigrants came mostly from where?
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Eastern and Southern Europe
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The increased assimilation of immigrants would have been opposed by which group?
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Nativists
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What was a consequence of traveling in steerage?
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Many people got sick and died
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What was a reason many people emigrated from their homes?
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There was poverty at home
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Most housing within various ethnic enclaves could be considered what?
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Tenements
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What did immigrants to New York see when they came to America?
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The Statue of Liberty
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What group wanted to stop immigration?
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Nativists
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What group of immigrants was cut off by the gentlemen's Agreement by the late 1800s?
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The Japanese
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The Nativists believed that all immigration from ___________ had to be stopped.
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Asia
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How did nativists try to use fake science?
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To say that nonwhites were supposedly weaker than whites
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What group of laborers did most of the work on the transcontinental railroad?
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The Chinese
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What form of media did nativists use to turn public opinion against newer immigrants?
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Political cartoons
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What was one reason immigration from Mexico increased?
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Laws restricted immigrants from Asia
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What was the result of Chinese Exclusion Act of the late 1800s?
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It prevented almost all Chinese immigration for ten years
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Why did nativists dislike the new immigrants?
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They supposedly took jobs from white Americans
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Why did the railroads initially divide the United States into four standard time zones?
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To make their schedules more standard
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Which of these was made possible by railroads?
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Faster mail delivery, mass transportation, changes to industry
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How did the streetcar affect life in the big city?
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Middle class people now could afford to live just outside the city limits
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How did railroads change ideas about travel?
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Trains made it easier to travel long distances
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What did RFD do for the first time?
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Delivered mail to homes
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What new kinds of neighborhoods were created by local railroads?
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Suburbs
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Why did people move to the suburbs?
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To get away from noise and pollution
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What did traveling on streetcars mean for many young people?
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They could get to know each other without supervision
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Prior to the invention of railroads, where did most city people live?
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Near where they worked
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How did railroads affect the lives of many young people?
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They had new opportunities
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Who perfected the incandescent lightbulb?
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Thomas Edison
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How did new inventions, such as washing machines, benefit women?
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Less work and more free time
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What was NOT an important invention of the 20th century?
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The steamboat
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How did stores begin to change as technology advanced?
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They appealed more to urban women
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Why did the typewriter change who worked in offices?
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It created jobs for women
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Who invented the first airplane?
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The Wright brothers
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How were people who lived far away from the big cities able to stay up with current fashions and trends?
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Mail-order catalogs
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Mail-order catalogs
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Officially grants someone the right to use an invention
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How was the electric washing machine a benefit to women and families?
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It made doing laundry much less time consuming
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What was NOT one of the new types of leisure activities developed around the year 1900
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Surfing the internet
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What became a popular form of entertainment at the turn of the 20th century?
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Watching sports
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What was the "penny-farthing"?
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A bicycle with a huge wheel in front
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How did opportunities change for women in the workplace?
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They had more opportunities in white-collar worker
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Which invention was necessary to begin the modern music industry?
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The phonograph
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Why did movies gain popularity when stage plays were available?
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Going to the movies didn't require dress clothes, Movies cost less money, movies could reach more people
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Why did white-collar workers have more time off than blue-collar workers?
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They could stop working when the boss went home
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Why was there so much corruption during President Grant's presidency?
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He chose dishonest people for his cabinet
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What president was unable to achieve his political goals because of corruption?
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President Grant
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In which example of corruption under President Grant did a number of people take millions of dollars raised from a liquor tax?
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Whiskey Ring
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Who was William "Boss" Tweed?
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The leader of the political machine known as Tammany Hall
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What is an example of government corruption?
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Election fraud, kickbacks, and spoils systems
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What is cronyism?
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When an elected official gives good jobs to his friends
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When people vote more than once, what illegal activity are they engaged in?
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Election Fraud
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In which example of corruption under President Grant did the Union Pacific Railroad use government money to make money from its own stock?
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Credit Mobiler
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Which of these is an example of governmental corruption
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Bribes, Nepotism, and patronage
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Why were political machines effective?
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They helped poor people, who in turn voted for them
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What was a common belief about people who lived in the slums?
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They didn't want to work or live in better conditions
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At this time, charitable organizations wanted poor immigrants:
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Not to drink alcohol, to work hard, and to fix their personal problems
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What would not have been the job of a working class woman?
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Typist
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What kinds of jobs did working-class women hold?
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Seamstresses
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Why were the tenement apartments crowded?
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Many people had to share space with other families
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Which term referred to low-paid workers and their families?
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Working Class
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The rules to move into model tenement were very strict. Which would NOT have been one of those rules?
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Have served in the American Military
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Why is it hard to do laundry in tenements?
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There was no water in many tenements
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What is a slum?
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An area of a city that was poor, dangerous, and crowded
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What were large apartment buildings that were often loud, dirty, and crowded called?
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Tenements
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According to How the Other Half Lives, what was the problem with only having the stairs and the hallway door for fresh air in buildings in the slums?
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The air was stale and hot
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