us history modual 9 – Flashcards
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what two factors limited southern economic recover
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the lack of workers and capital
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how did farming change in the south after the civil war
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farmers diversified their crops
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how did the souths use of raw materials change after the war
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raw materials were used by new southern industries
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how did economic growth in the south compare to economic growth in the rest of the country
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economic growth lagged behind because they had to repair damage from the war
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after teh civil war, what change was seen in southern agriculture
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the replacement of large plantations with smaller farms
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in the new south, how were rural areas joined to urban hubs
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railroad lines
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which of the following limited the economic recovery of the south
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southern banks struggled to support industrial development
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what caused the low cotton prices after the war
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there was an oversupply of cotton for the market
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why did farmers band together to form the farmers' alliance
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to work for lower prices on farm supplies
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the farmers' alliance asked the government for help in dealing with what industries
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railroad and banking
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how did the civil rights act of 1875 change the lives of african americans
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the act allowed african americans to ride on trains and stay in hotels
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how did memebers of the ku klux klan try to intimidate african americans
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the members used violence against african americans
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how did the supreme court rulings in 1883 work against the civil rights act of 1875
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the supreme court rulings said civil rights were decided by state and local law
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what freedom did the civil rights act of 1875 grant black
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the right to use public facilities
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what is one factor that limited industrial expansion in the south
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lack of an educated work force
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why was it difficult to build new businesses in the south
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there were not many banks to finance businesses
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what was the relationship between the farmers alliance and african americans
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they encouraged black farmers to join
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which factor contributed to the creation of the farmers alliance
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high prices for supplies
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what was the main goal of the farmers alliance
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to help struggling farmers make a profit
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which was one belief shared by all native american culture
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native americans were part of the natural world and that world was sacred
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why were native americans moved to reservations on the great plains in the early 1800s
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white settlers viewed this land as unusable and far away
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what was the main cause of the native american rebellions
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conflict over land
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who led a group of indians on a 1300 mile journey to canada
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chief joseph
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why did native americans wave the american flag when the mitia attakced at the sand creek massacre
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to show the attacking militia that they were friends of the whites
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what was one cause of the red river war
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white buffalo hunters hunting on indian lands
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what mistake by colonel george custer led to his defeat by chiefs sitting bull and crazy horse at the battle of little big horn
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custer and his force arrived ahead of the main US force
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what happened to crazy horse and his followers in the months after the battle of little big horn
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they surrendered
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what did chief joseph do for his people after they were all relocated to a reservation in oklahoma
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he went to washington DC to ask for help
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how did policymakers hope the policy of assimilation would work
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indians would blend into white culture after the buffalo died out
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how di dthe dawes act replace the reservation system
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it gave each indian family 160 acres of land
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which of the following was a goal of the dawes general allotment act
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to assimilate indians into white culture
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what was the conclusion of the united states indian peace commission
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peace would come if native americans settled on farms and adapted to white civilization
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which factor contributed to the destruction of the southern buffalo herds
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trainloads of tourists killed buffalo purely of sport
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why were native americans moved to smaller and smaller reservations in the 1850s
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white settlers discovered gold and silver in land already set aside for native americans
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waht was the outcome of the battle of little big horn
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chief crazy horse and 2000 indinas killed colonel custer and all his men
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how did the attitudes of native americasn and white settlers toward nature differ
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native americasn believed nature was sacred. white settlers believed nature was a resource
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in what two ways did congress help fund the building of the transcontinental railroad
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loans and land grants
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why did most mining camps spring up quickly after the discovery of gold or silver
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people flooded camps, hoping to become wealthy quickly
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how di dthe development of large-scale mining affect the environment in the west
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water used in large mines polluted water needed by farmers
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what made working conditions on the central pacific railroad especially dangerous
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central pacific workers had to blast through mountain ranges to law track
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which example best illustrates the positive effect of railroads on settlements in the west
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between 1864 and 1869, ten western territories became states
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what group developed the rididng and roping skills cowboys used to herd livestock
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mexican vaqueros
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how did the railroad contribute to the cattle ranching boom in the west
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it provided the means to transport cattle to eastern markets
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what limited natural resource created conflicts between miners, ranchers, sheepherders, and farmers
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water
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how did the homestead act of 1862 pull settlers to the plains
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the homestead act offered 160 acre farm plots for no cost
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who were the exodusters
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exodusters were african americans who moved to the plains from the south
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why did the 1890 census say that the united states no longer had a frontier
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because ever square mile in the united states had white residents
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who were the exodusters
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a group of african americans who founded all-black towns in kansas and oklahoma
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how were homesteaders' lives affected by the fact that the plains were largely treeless
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they had to build homes with materials other than wood
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which of the following caused serious conflict among different groups of people in the west
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ethnic and economic tensions
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what was one achievement of teh exodusters
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they founded several all-black towns
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what was one main result of the completion of the transcontinental railroad
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it tied the nation together
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what farming techniques helped farmers adapt to the dry environment in the west
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they built windmills and plows
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how did the open-range system of cattle ranching work
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owners branded cattle that roamed freely, and then coyboys rounded them up
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which factors contributed to the end of open-range cattle ranching in the mid-1800s
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drop in beef prices and the invention of barbed wire
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what do you call a person who invests money in a product or enterprise for profit
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an entrepeneur
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why were entreperneurs an important part of the capitalist, or free enterprise, system
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their investments helped fund the industrial economy
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how did protective tariffs encourage the growth of american businesses in the late 1800s
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tariffs increased the cost of foreign goods
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which is the best example of a laissez-faire economic policy that helps businesses make profits
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limiting regulations on the steel industry
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what was one cause of the nations growth
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natural resources
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how did capitalism fuel industrialization
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by encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses
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how did laissez-faire policies help busineses grow
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by allowing them to operate freely
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what global development helped the railroad regulate their train schedules
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time zones
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how did patents help support the work of inventors such as thomas edison
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patents protected inventors and let them profit from their inventions
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how did the bessemer process make suspension bridges possible
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the bessemer process produced the lightweight steel needed to build a suspension bridge
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what problem was the 1884 system of time zones meant to solve
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the difficulty of setting railroad schedules over long distances
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how did mass production contribute to the rapid economic growth of the late 1800s
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it allowed large numbers of goods to be produced quickly and inexpensively
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what effect did the development of mechanized farming have on american society
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more people moved from farming areas to cities
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what action did congress take in response to concerns about the effects of mechanization and industiralization of the environment
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congress set aside protected land
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what was the role of the national park service
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to protect land and natural resources
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which is the best description of an entrepreneur
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a person who invests in a business
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the development of what industry was most responsible for advances in mass production
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railroads
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electricity powered homes and factories. how did electricity change americans lives
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it extended the number of hours in the day when people could work and play
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how did laissez-faire government policies encourage the growth of american businesses
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they allowed businesses to operate with few regulations
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how did railroads change american business
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they allowed businesses access to markets farther away
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why did the number of corporations grow dramatically after 1870
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corporations had access to money and new technology
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what is the primary goal of both a monopoly and cartel
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to control competition and keep prices high
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how did john d. rockefeller use trusts to avoid ohio laws against horizontal integration
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in a trust, a board of trustees controls the stock of several companies
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how did andrew cornegie use vertical integration to increase his power
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he gained control of the businesses performing each phase of a products development
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what was an important advantage of corporations
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they reduced financial risk for individual investors
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how does a monopoly increase a corporations profits
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by eliminating competition to control prices
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which of the following describes an agreement among businesses making the same product to limit production and keep prices high
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cartel
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how did business leaders earn the nickname robber barons
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people accused them of using unfair business practices
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what was the basic idea of social darwinism
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wealth was a measure of a persons value to society
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how did the federal government regulate the railroads
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it established teh interstate commerce commission
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what power did the interstate commerce commission (ICC) have over railroad operations
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the ICC could make railroads submit their records to congress
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how did corporations use the sherman antitrust act to their advantage
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they argued that trade unions restrained trade
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how did vertical integration allow a business to reduce costs
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by controlling the businesses at each phase of a products development
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how were small businesses in trusts treated unfairly
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they received few profits
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what is vertical integration
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a system of controlling all the businesses involved in the phases of production
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what class did the theory of social darwinism say had the most social value
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the wealthy
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what was the purpose of the sherman antitrust act
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to prevent companies from restraning trade
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how did a cartel control prices
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businesses agreed to limit production
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why were immigrants often hired to work in sweatshops
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immigrants would work for low wages in unsafe conditions
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how did low wages contriubute to the rise in child labor
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low wages meant that all family memebers needed to work to survive
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why did workers in company towns feel that they worked in a system of wage slavery
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they could not leave their jobs until their debts were paid to the company
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what labor union recruited a range of workers and focused on broad social reform
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knights of labor
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what early success did workers have using collective bargaining in new england
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workers succeeded in reducing the factory workday
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what did people who followed the ideals of socialism in the 1800s believe about wealth
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that all people should share equally in societys wealth
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how were the goals of terence v powderlys knights of labor different from the goals of sameul gompers american federation of labor (AFL)
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the knights advocated broad change in society, while the AFL focused on specific workers issues
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what did socialists believe
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that sociesty at large should control industry and wealthy
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which individual led the knights of labor and encouraged the use of boycotts and negotiation to end the bondage of wage labor
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terence powderly
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which was a craft union
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american federation of labor
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what was the cause of the homestead strike
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workers wages were cut
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what was the legacy of the haymarket riot among employers
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emplyers grew more suspicious of labor unions
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how did public opinion of labor issues change in response to the violence of the homestead strike
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public opinion turned against all labor unions
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how did eugene v debs conviction following the pullman strike affect the labor movement
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debs conviction rienforced federal authority to halt strikes
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how long was the workday for most factory workers in the late 1800s
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12 hours
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why was the american federation of labor called the bread and butter union
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because of its focus on workers issues
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following the pullman strike, how did the supreme court rule in the case of inner debs
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the government had the authority to end labor strikes
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how did eugene v debs organize the workers of the merican railway union
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the memebrs worked in the same industry
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memebers of which group were tried from murder following the haymarket riot
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anarchists
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what was wage slavery in company towns
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a system for holding workers to their jobs until debts were repaid
