US History II WWI Chapter 19 – Flashcards
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Imperialism
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ongoing competition between countries for colonies, long term cause of WWI
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Militarism
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build up of military arms amongst different countries, long term cause of WWI
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Alliance System
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entangling alliances between countries contributed to escalation at start of war, long term cause of WWI
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, AustriaHungary, Italy
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Triple Entente
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France, Great Britain, Russia
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Nationalism
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excessive patriotism, caused rivalries in Europe, long term cause of WWI
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Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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spark that caused the war
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The Central Powers
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Germany, AH, Ottoman Empire
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The Domino Effect
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rapid succession of countries declaring war at start of WWI, directly caused by Alliance System
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Schlieffen Plan
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Germany's plan to win war quickly by invaded neutral Belgium to go around French Defenses - Failed because Belgians fought back harder than expected
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US Neutrality
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US wanted to stay neutral for majority of war - Isolationist
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Stalemate
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Western Front became "tied" where neither side was able to advance for majority of WWI
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Life in the trenches
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really terrible: disease, mud, trenchfoot, psychologically destructive, rats, hunger
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Weapons
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review class notes - weapons were modernized - WWI was the first "Modern War", machine guns, artillery, etc
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Impact of WWI on US economy
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US in recession prior to war, WWI allows US to produce tons of goods for Europeans and grows economy, sets us up for Roaring 20s period
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British blockade
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Britain put fleet of ships around Germanys coast in North Sea effectively stopping them from receiving imports, caused mass starvation in Germany
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U-Boats
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German submarines/ German Response to British Blockade was to start sinking any ships bringing supplies to Great Britain
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Lusitania
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Ship with supplies intended for Britain sunk off coast of Ireland, 128 Americans die, Americans get upset at Germans
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Wilson's 1916 Campaign Slogan
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"He kept us out of war" - shows many Americans still favored neutrality
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Zimmerman Telegram
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message sent by Germans to Mexico urging Mexico to declare war on US, in return Mexico would get back Texas, Arizona, New Mexico. Message sent b/c Germans desperate to break stalemate/ get relief from Blockade. Message makes Americans furious and leads to declaration of war on Germany by US
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April 2, 1917 and April 6, 1917
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April 2-Wilson asks congress to declare war and says "we must go to war to keep the world safe for democracy" -April 6- day US declares war on Germany
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Selective Service Act (Draft)
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Act by congress instilling war time draft of young men
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Women in the War
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war gave women opportunity to get more jobs that men traditionally did on homefront, women also joined war effort in noncombatant roles like nurses
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African Americans in the War
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Black opinion split over war, some thought they should help in war effort to prove that they deserved equal rights (there were separate battalions of Black soldiers that fought), other blacks thought they should not support war b/c the US government was allowing them to be victims of racism
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War Industries Board
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board created by US government to regulate private economy during war and increase efficiency for war effort
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Food Administration
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board created to regulated farmers and food production during war
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Committee on Public Information
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created by government to popularize the war on US homefront (propaganda)
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Treatment of Germans in America
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discriminated against, viewed suspiciously, Germans changed there names, German fashions foods and music became unpopular
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Espionage & Sedition Acts
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laws created to prevent people from speaking out or organizing against US war effort
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War Bonds
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Sold by US government to people, raised money for war supplies, Govt would later pay back bonds with small interest
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Voluntary cooperation / conservation at home
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saving food, meatless Tuesdays, victory gardens, etc
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Convoy System
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the grouping of military ships in formation around passenger and supply ships to protect against submarine attack during atlantic transit
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American Expeditionary Force
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name for US forces that fought in Europe during WWI
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John J. Pershing
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leader of American Expeditionary Force
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Russian Revolution
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Revolution in Russia between Reds (communists) and Whites (capitalists) causing Russia to withdraw from war.Reds win and Lennin sets up communist government which quickly modernizes Russia.
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German Deserters & Mutiny
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at the end of the war German soldiers started quitting (mutiny aboard U-boats)
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Alvin York
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American soldier who killed 20-30 Germans in one battle and captured 100 others, he became a celebrity when he returned home
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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leader of Germany during WWI
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November 11, 1918 - 11:00 am
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11-11-11 ceasefire/ armistice is signed ending the fighting of WWI
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Paris Peace Conference
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post war conference discussing creation of a treaty
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14 Points
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Wilson's ideas for how to keep the US out of war in the future (self determination a big one)
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League of Nations
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one of the 14 points. League was meant to act as a mediator between nations and hopefully prevent future war
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Big Four
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France, Great Britain, Italy, USA
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Reason for US rejecting Treaty
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US rejects treaty b/c of League of Nations - many thought it was too similar to the Alliance System, people still wanted to stay out of European affairs (isolationist)
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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
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From Massachusetts, against Treaty of Versailles(Wilson). He got 37 signatures to reject League of Nations.
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Treaty of Raritan
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Germany's actually treaty with the US brokered by Lodge, not signed until 1921
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Provisions of Treaty of Versailles
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1) took away Germany military 2) Germany had to repay war damages($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not make weapons
