question

Where did Tammany Hall (political machine) get most of its support?

answer

poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner cities. they promised them help in return for votes.

question

European Musical Influence+African=a 1890s New Orleans originated musical genre...

answer

Jazz

question

Tet Offensive

answer

failed attacks by the Vietcong guerillas and North Vietnamese, but it simultaneously ended US hopes for an early end to the Vietnam War

question

What even triggered the Truman Doctrine?

answer

The Greek Civil War

question

What was the Greek Civil War about?

answer

Greece was torn between Communism and democracy and they could not have defeated communism without western help.

question

Cause of the Spanish-American War:

answer

American expansionism and support for the Cuban nationalism.

question

US Senate reaction to the 1918 Treaty of Versailles?

answer

The senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and for the treaty that the peace conference produced. Wilson refused to compromise on various treaty provisions and the senate rejected the treaty both times it was sent to them.

question

The Lost Generation

answer

young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity dominating 1920s America

question

Boss Tweed

answer

Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine (greedy)

question

Name four factors that contributed to the Great Depression

answer

excessive stocks and securities speculation//protectionist trade measures//huge farm debts resulting from collapsed crop prices//imbalance of distribution of wealth in which the rich controlled far too much of the available income

question

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

answer

This Act reversed previous Indian policy by guaranteeing religious freedom and tribal self-government and providing economic assistance.

question

Lyndon Johnson's Great Society Program

answer

aimed to secure civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites

question

Smoot-Hawley Tariffs long term effect:

answer

Europe retaliated and our economy as well as theirs weakened.

question

Smoot-Hawley Tariffs

answer

raised US tariffs on imported goods. second highest raise in US history...decreased our exports and imports by half

question

Why was the Iran-Contra affair upsetting?

answer

we traded arms to Iran for the release of our hostages

question

what area of the US saw the greatest percentage of population increase between 1860 and 1910?

answer

the great plains

question

why was the 14th amendment important?

answer

guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen.

question

who was president for the 14th amendment?

answer

Andrew Johnson

question

13th amendment

answer

prohibited slavery

question

15th amendment

answer

guaranteed voting rights

question

19th amendment

answer

women could vote

question

16th amendment

answer

authorized income tax

question

Why did watergate lead to Nixon's impeachment?

answer

because of his role of covering it up

question

Atlantic Charter

answer

set collective war strategy and long-term war goals for Britain and the United States

question

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

answer

Sponsored by Senator Henry L Dawes, this act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men.

question

Marshall Plan

answer

a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

question

Truman Doctrine

answer

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

question

W.E.B. Du Bois

answer

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

question

John Dewey

answer

He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."

question

dumbarton oaks conference

answer

In a meeting near Washington, D.C., held from August 21 to October 7, 1944, U.S., Great Britain, U.S.S.R. and China met to draft the constitution of the United Nations.

question

worst unemployment rate during depression

answer

25%

question

Turning Point in Pacific war between U.S. and Japan

answer

Midway

question

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

answer

ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice of segregation via "separate but equal" schools for blacks and whites

question

One of the major effects of the Industrial Revolution

answer

emphasis on speed over quality of work

question

American hostage crisis in Iran

answer

American gov allowed the deposed Iranian Shah to come to the U.S. for cancer treatment

question

Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" Policy

answer

retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination, which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America

question

Reaganomics

answer

"trickle down" theory- supply side economic policies. cut federal spending on domestic programs and cut taxes for the wealthy and corporations. he thought this would help create new jobs.

question

Fourteen Points

answer

Woodrow Wilson's 1918 proposal to convince Germans they would be treated fairly if they surrendered.

question

U.S. presidents between 1876-1900 had little influence and were considered weak. why?

answer

they considered themselves caretakers, not dynamic initiators of new legislation.

question

How did muckrackers contribue to the rise of Progressivism?

answer

exposes of government and business corruption, abuse, and mismanagement led to widely supported public demands for effective reform.

question

New Deal

answer

the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented

question

Name some New Deal agencies

answer

Civil Works Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration

question

Most important factor in the Plains Indians' societies:

answer

the destruction of the buffalo herds by whites

question

What did the sharecropping system do after the Reconstruction?

answer

pushed tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants.

question

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

answer

curbed abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads.

question

Knights of Labor

answer

the only dominant broad-based labor union in the united states from 1870-1890

question

why did the US refuse to participate in the 1980 Moscow olympics?

answer

the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan

question

who was betty friedan?

answer

wrote "the feminine mystique" about feminism. women can do anything men can do.

question

voting rights act of 1965

answer

outlawed discrimination toward african-american voters

question

what did Reagan's economic recovery act of 1981 do?

answer

reduced federal income taxes for all taxpayers

question

Reagan ordered the invasion of what small island in order to prevent it from becoming communist?

answer

Grenada

question

what group of voters did Nixon appeal to in 1968?

answer

the silent majority. nixon's slogan was "law and order"

question

what was the silent majority?

answer

the citizens who weren't really involved in the violent anti-war Vietnam protests. they didn't involve themselves in race riots or activism. the silent majority was the average citizen. hard working middle class conservative.

question

Bush wanted to invade Kuwait...what was the result of that vote?

answer

slim majority, but it gave the approval for the war enough edge to win out. (gulf war)

question

NSC

answer

national security council

question

What did the NSC in the early years of the Cold War approve of?

answer

New taxes to fund military growth

question

Americans with Disabilities Act

answer

Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings.

question

Taft-Harley Act

answer

prohibited strikes. right to work laws (companies couldn't force union membership) aka labor management relations act.

question

What were the SALT treaties?

answer

strategic arms limitation talks- for the purpose of armament control between US and Soviets

question

SALT 1 treaty (1972)

answer

froze the number of weapons where they were at. Nixon. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). meaning if both sides deployed their missiles then both parties would be destroyed...there would be no "victory."

question

SALT I

answer

the first treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

question

SALT II

answer

(JEC) 1979, Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. A second treaty was signed on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for U.S.S.R.'s invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty.

question

great railroad strike of 1877

answer

part of the panic of 1873 (long depression) in which president rutherford hayes sent in troops to stop the strikers. because of the financial losses, more people started to turn to the democrats, and stopped supporting the republicans (the people forcing the reconstruction)

question

Tenure of Office Act

answer

a president can't take someone out of office just because they were appointed by a previous president unless Congress agrees.

question

what happened when Andrew Johnson tried to remove Secretary of War Stanton from office despite the tenure of office act?

answer

he came within one vote of impeachment

question

the compromise of 1877

answer

the election between hayes (republican) and tilden (democrat). there were contested votes in some southern states, so in this compromise, the south agreed to let hayes win if the republicans put a stop to the reconstruction. freedman viewed this as a betrayal, because whites began to ignore the assurance of civil rights in the south.

question

which president was responsible for the income tax?

answer

wilson. 16th amendment

question

Casablanca conference

answer

churchill and FDR decided that the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was necessary.

question

Farmers' Alliances of the 1880s

answer

appealed to Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and drowning in the sharecropping and crop lien systems.

question

ABC prgrams

answer

those implemented by Franklin Delanor Roosevelt during the Great Depression to give relief to the unemployed.

question

Affirmative action

answer

programs designed to overcome past discriminatory actions such as providing employment opportunities to members of a group that were previously denied employment because of racial barriers

question

Amendment

answer

the modification of the constitution or a law

question

Appeasement

answer

the act of making concessions to a political party of military rival

question

Big stick diplomacy

answer

using American military power to fortify the diplomatic policies of the United States

question

Big Three

answer

leaders of the three major allied powers ( Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin)

question

Bill of rights

answer

the first ten amendments to the constitution

question

Bipartisan

answer

politics that emphasizes cooperation between the major parties

question

Black Tuesday

answer

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market fell about 40 points with 16.5 million shares traded

question

Block grants

answer

federal money provided to a state of local government for a general purpose, such as reducing crime or improving education, with relatively few requirements on how the states can spend the money

question

Brown vs. Board of education of topeka

answer

the supreme court declared the doctrine of "separate but equal" constitutional

question

Caucus

answer

a closed meeting of Democratic Party leaders to agree on a legislative program

question

Civil rights act of 1964

answer

legislative act that removed racial barriers in all places vested with public interest

question

Class action suit

answer

a lawsuit filed on behalf of a group of persons with a similar legal claim against a party or individual

question

Cloture

answer

parliamentary procedure for ending debate and calling for an immediate vote on a pending matter.

question

Conglomerate

answer

a corporation that has many businesses in unrelated fields

question

Contras

answer

Right wing guerillas who fought the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua

question

Court packing

answer

the act of placing members of the same political party on the bench so that opinion of the court will be consistent with the political party's ( seen most dramatically with Franklin D. Roosevelt)

question

Crime of '73

answer

What pro-inflation forces called the demonetization of silver

question

De facto segregation

answer

segregation that results from nongovernmental action; i.e.,administered by the pubic

question

De Jure segregation

answer

legally established segregation

question

Deregulation

answer

the act of reducing or eliminating economic controls

question

Dixiecrats

answer

Southern Democrats who opposed Truman because of his support of civil rights; nominated Strom Thurmond for president in 1948 campaign

question

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

answer

the supreme court upheld the right of a slave owner to reclaim his property after the slave had fled into a free state

question

eminent domain

answer

the power of a government to seize private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner

question

ethnocentrism

answer

a belief that one's ethnic group is superior

question

Executive Agreement

answer

informal agreements made by the executive with a foreign government

question

Filibuster

answer

a senator who gains the floor has the right to go in talking until the senator relinquishes the floor to another

question

Franchise

answer

the right to engage in the electing of public office holders

question

Gerrymander

answer

redrawing of congressional districts in order to secure as many representative party voters as possible

question

Gideon vs. Wainwright

answer

case decided by the U.S supreme court in 1963 that established the right to legal representation for all defendants in criminal cases

question

GOP

answer

the republican party

question

Iran-Contra affair

answer

political scandal involving the selling of arms to Iran so that the profits from these sales could be used to fund the contras in Central America

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

laws designed to promote racial segregation

question

Kennedy, John F.

answer

im 1960 became youngest man elected president of the united states; established peace corps in 1961; issued challenge to NASA to land a man on the moon; assassinated in 1963

question

King,Jr., Martin Luther

answer

civil rights leader who fought for the rights of minorities by the use of peaceful civil disobedience

question

League of Nations

answer

international organization to promote peaceful resolution of international conflicts; called on all members to protect the territorial integrity and political independence of all nations; replaced by United Nations

question

Malcom X

answer

radical muslin leader who wanted a total separation of the races

question

Mapp vs. Ohio

answer

the supreme court recognized that evidence seized without a search warrant cannot be used

question

Miranda vs. Arizona

answer

1966 case in which the supreme court decided that all persons who are detained or arrested must be informed of their rights

question

Moral Majority

answer

Christian conservatives, led by the Rev. jerry Falwell. who favored prayer and teaching of creationism in public schools, opposed abortion and pornography, and backed a strong national defense

question

Muckrakers

answer

investigative journalists and authors who exposed corruption in business and government

question

NATO

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; pledged that and attack against one was an attack against all

question

Naturalization

answer

process by which persons acquire citizenship

question

New Deal

answer

legislation championed by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the great depression that provided a safety net (Social Security) for all members of society

question

Nixon, Richard M

answer

the only president of the United States to resign after being confronted with impeachment (because of his alleged actions in the Watergate scandal)

question

Nonproliferation Treaty

answer

an agreement not to distribute nuclear arms to countries that do not have them

question

Open Door Policy

answer

declared that trade with China should be open to all nations

question

Original Intent

answer

a doctrine of Constitutional interpretation that says Supreme court Justices should base their interpretations of the Constitution in its authors' intent

question

Partisan

answer

political opposition drawn along party lines

question

Plessy vs. Ferguson

answer

supreme court ruling that established the rule of "separate but equal" as being constitutional

question

Populist

answer

a political coalition of agrarians with urban workers and the middle class; goals included monetization of silver, a graduated income tax, public ownership of railroads, telegraph, telephone systems, an eight hour work day, and a ban on private armies used to break up strikes.

question

Progressivism

answer

political movement calling for rejuvenation of free enterprise capitalism and the destruction of illegal monopolies; also called for civil service reform and honest and efficient government

question

Reagan, Ronald

answer

two-term president during the 1980's whose economic policies follower supply-side theory

question

Referendum

answer

the process whereby a legislative proposal is vetoed upon by popular vote

question

Roe vs. Wade

answer

the supreme court decision establishing a woman's right to an abortion

question

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

answer

President of the united Sates during the Depression and WWII; most noted for his enactment of New Deal programs such as the Social Security Act

question

Scalawags

answer

Southerners who supported Reconstruction programs

question

Supply-side Economics

answer

economic theory that says if government policies leave more money in the hands of people, they will invest it and stimulate the economy

question

Symbolic speech

answer

nonverbal communication of a political idea

question

Tuman Doctrine

answer

President Truman's assertion that the United States must support free peoples who were resisting Communist domination

question

United States vs. Nixon

answer

the Supreme court ruled that material vested with a public interest could not be withheld from evidence under the rule of executive privilege

question

War Powers Act

answer

the act requires Congress to approve stationing American troops overseas fro more than 90 days (so that another Vietnam wouldn't happen)

question

Watergate

answer

the illegal entry and phone monitoring in 1972 of Democratic headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington by members of the Republican Party

question

ABC Programs

answer

those implemented by Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression to give relief to the unemployed.

question

Affirmative Action

answer

programs designed to overcome past discriminatory actions such as providing employment opportunities to members of a group that were previously denied employment because of racial barriers.

question

Amendment

answer

the modification of the constitution or a law.

question

Appeasement

answer

the act of making concessions to a political or military rival.

question

Big Stick Diplomacy

answer

Using American military power to fortify the diplomatic policies of the United States.

question

Big Three

answer

Leaders of the three major powers allied powers (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin).

question

Bill of Rights

answer

the first ten amendments to the Constitution.

question

Bipartisan

answer

politics that emphasizes cooperation between the major parties.

question

Black Tuesday

answer

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market fell about 40 points with 16.5 million shares traded.

question

Block grants

answer

federal money provided to a state or local government for a general purpose, such as reducing crime or improving education, with relatively few requirements on how the states can spend the money.

question

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

answer

the Supreme Court declared the doctrine of "separate but equal" unconstitutional.

question

Cabinet

answer

the heads of the various departments in the Executive branch who aid in the decision-making process.

question

Capital Punishment

answer

the execution of an individual by the state as punishment for heinous offenses.

question

Caucus

answer

a closed meeting of Democratic Party leaders to agree on a legislative program.

question

Civil Right Act of 1964

answer

legislative act that removed racial barriers in all places vested with a public interest.

question

Class Action Suit

answer

a lawsuit filed on behalf of a group of persons with a similar legal claim against a party or individual.

question

Cloture

answer

parliamentary procedure for ending debate and calling for an immediate vote on a pending matter.

question

Conference

answer

a meeting between committees of the two branches of the legislature to reconcile differences in pending bills.

question

Conglomerate

answer

a corporation that has many businesses in unrelated fields.

question

Containment

answer

strategy that called for containing communism and preventing it from spreading any further.

question

Contras

answer

Right-wing guerrillas who fought the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua.

question

Court Packing

answer

the act of placing members of the same political party on the bench so that opinion of the court will be consistent with the political party's (seen most dramatically wit Franklin Delano Roosevelt).

question

Crime of '73

answer

What pro-inflation forces called the demonetization of silver.

question

De Facto Segregation

answer

segregation that results from non-goverment action; i.e., administered by the public.

question

De Jure Segration

answer

legally established segregation.

question

Democrat

answer

any member of the Democratic Party, one of two major parties in the U.S.; party's lineage traces to Jefferson's Democratic Republican Party (1792).

question

Deregulation

answer

the act of reducing or eliminating economic controls.

question

Desegregation

answer

the removal of racial barriers either by legislation or judicial action.

question

Dixiecrats

answer

Southern Democrats who opposed Truman because of his support of civil rights; nominated Strom Thurmond for president in 1948 campaign.

question

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

answer

the Supreme Court upheld the right of a slave owner to reclaim his property after the slave had fled into a free state.

question

Eminent Domain

answer

the power of a government to seize private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner.

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

a belief that one's ethnic group is superior.

question

Executive Agreement

answer

informal agreements made by the executive with a foreign government.

question

Filibuster

answer

a senator who gains the floor has the right to go on talking until the senator relinquishes the floor to another.

question

Foreign Policy

answer

treaties, agreements, and programs focusing on the relations between the United States and other nations.

question

Franchise

answer

the right to engage in the electing of public office holders.

question

Gerrymander

answer

redrawing of congressional districts in order to secure as many representative party votes as possible.

question

Gideon vs. Wainwright

answer

case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1963 that established the right to legal representation for all defendants in criminal cases.

question

GOP

answer

the Republican Party.

question

Hoovervilles

answer

empty spaces around cities where the homeless would set up empty shacks in which to live.

question

Impeachment

answer

the process used to remove certain officials, including the President, from office. Similar to a trial, impeachment does not necessarily mean that an official will be removed from office; he or she must be found guilty of an impeachable offense.

question

Intrest Group

answer

group of persons who share some common interest and attempt to influence elected members of the government.

question

Iran-Contra

answer

the selling of arms to Iran so that the profits from these sells could be used to fund the contras in El Salvador.

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

Laws designed to promote racial segregation.

question

John F. Kennedy

answer

elected in 1960 as youngest president of the United states; established the Peace Courts in 1961; issued challenge to NASA to land a man on the moon; assassinated in 1963.

question

Martin Luther King Jr.

answer

civil rights leader who fought for the rights of minorities by the use of peaceful civil disobedience.

question

Lame Duck

answer

a defeated office holder after that person has lost their re-election, but is still in office until the newly elected official is sworn in.

question

League of Nations

answer

international organization to promote peaceful resolution of international conflicts; called on all members to protect the territorial integrity and political independence of all nations; replaced by United Nations.

question

Line-Item Veto

answer

the objection by the president to a single item in a piece of legislation; this authority, signed into law by President Clinton in 1996, was unsuccessfully challenged as unconstitutional by six members of Congress, with the U.S. Supreme Court saying the plaintiffs had no legal standing to bring to case.

question

Lobbying

answer

activities aimed at influencing public officials and the policies they enact.

question

Malcom X

answer

radical Muslim leader who wanted a total separation of the races.

question

Mapp vs. Ohio

answer

the Supreme Court recognized decided that evidence seized without a search warrant cannot be used.

question

McCarthysim

answer

the act of seeking subversives without cause or need (seen during the 1950s when Senator Joseph McCarthy stoked fear of Communism).

question

Miranda vs. Arizona

answer

1966 case in which U.S. Supreme Court decided that all persons who are detained or arrested must be informed of their rights.

question

Moral Majority

answer

Christian conservatives, led by Rev. Jerry Falwell, who favored prayer and teaching of creationism in public schools, opposed abortion and pornography, and backed a strong national defense.

question

Muckrakers

answer

investigative journalists and authors who exposed corruption in business and government.

question

NATO

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; pledged that an attack against one was an attack against all.

question

Naturalization

answer

process by which persons acquire citizenship.

question

New Deal

answer

legislation championed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression that provided a safety net (e.g., Social Security) for all members of society.

question

Richard M. Nixon

answer

the only president of the United States to resign after being confronted with impeachment (because of his alleged actions in the Watergate scandal).

question

Nonproliferation Treaty

answer

an agreement not to distribute nuclear arms to countries that do not have them.

question

Open Door Policy

answer

declared that trade with China should be open to all nations.

question

Original Intent

answer

a doctrine of Constitutional interpretation that says Supreme Court Justices should base their interpretations of the Constitution on its authors' intentions.

question

Partisan

answer

political opposition drawn along party lines.

question

Plessy vs. Ferguson

answer

Supreme Court ruling that established the rule of "separate but equal" as being constitutional.

question

Political Question

answer

constitutional question that judges refuse to answer because to do so would encroach upon the authority of Congress or the president.

question

Poll Tax

answer

the requirement of a person to pay for the right to vote.

question

Populist

answer

a political coalition of agrarians with urban workers and the middle class; goals included monetization of silver, a graduated income tax, public ownership of railroads, telegraph, telephone systems, an eight-hour workday, and a ban on private armies used to break up strikes.

question

Progressivism

answer

political movement calling for rejuvenation of free enterprise capitalism and the destruction of illegal monopolies; also called for civil service reform and honest and efficient government.

question

Public Opinion

answer

the beliefs, preferences, and attitudes about an issue that involves the government or society at large.

question

Ronald W. Reagan

answer

two-term president during the 1980s whose economic policies followed supply-side theory.

question

Referendum

answer

the process whereby a legislative proposal is voted upon by popular vote.

question

Republican

answer

any member of the Republican Party, one of the U.S.'s two major political parties; the GOP came into being 1854-1856, unifying anti-slavery forces.

question

Roe vs. Wade

answer

the Supreme Court decision establishing a woman's right to an abortion.

question

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

answer

president of the United States during the Depression and World War ll; most noted for his enactment of New Deal programs such as the Social Security Act.

question

Scalawags

answer

Southerners who supported Reconstruction programs.

question

Social Darwinism

answer

application of Darwin's theory of evolution, survival of the fittest, to justify unequal distribution of wealth by claiming that God granted wealth to the fittest.

question

Supply-Side Economics

answer

economic theory that says if government policies leave more money in the hands of people, the will invest it and stimulate the economy.

question

Symbolic Speech

answer

nonverbal communication of a political idea.

question

Tariff

answer

any tax levied on import goods.

question

Truman Doctrine

answer

President Truman's assertion that the United States must support free peoples who were resisting Communist domination.

question

United States vs. Nixon

answer

the Supreme Court ruled that material vested with a public interest could not be withheld from evidence under the rule of executive privilege.

question

War Powers Act

answer

the act requires Congress to approve stationing American troops overseas for more than 90 days.

question

Watergate

answer

the illegal entry and phone monitoring in 1972 of Democratic headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington by members of the Republican Party.

question

Ten Percent Plan

answer

Each of the seceded states had to have 10 percent of their voting population agree to rejoining the Union according to this plan.

question

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

answer

(Dec. 1863) issued by Lincoln: offered full pardon to Southerners who would take oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge emancipation

question

Radical Republicans

answer

These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.

question

Wade-Davis Bill

answer

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

question

Freedmen's Bureau

answer

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

question

Civil Rights Act of 1866

answer

Provided blacks with the right to serve in juries, vote, and sue, as well as other rights.

question

Thirteenth Amendment

answer

Freed all slaves

question

Fourteenth Amendment

answer

Made all former slaves born in the United States citizens, a constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians

question

Ku Klux Klan

answer

a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep african americans from obtaining their civil rights

question

First Reconstruction Act

answer

(1867) divided the South into military districts, granted local voting rights to African Americans, and barred former Confederate leaders from holding office.

question

Second Reconstruction Act

answer

a bill passed to secure black voting rights, this placed Union troops in charge of voter registration.

question

Fifteenth Amendment

answer

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

question

Tenure of Office Act

answer

Requires the president to get formal approval of Congress before he removes any congressionally appointed cabinet member

question

Edwin M. Stanton

answer

Strong proponent of Reconstruction left over from Lincoln's cabinet; Andrew Johnson tried to fire him after the Tenure of Office Act was enacted, and AJ faced trials for impeachment.

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Black Codes

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laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers

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Ku Klux Klan Act

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1871, this act allowed Congress to act against terrorist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and outlawed Klan activity

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carpetbaggers

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Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions

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scalawags

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southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction

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sharecroppers

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people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

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Ulysses S. grant

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an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

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Credit Mobilier

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a major scandal in Grant's second term; a construction company, aided by members of COngress, bilked the government out of $20-40 million in building the transcontinental railroad. Members of Congress were bribed to cover up the overcharges.

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Whiskey Ring

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During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.

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Liberal Republicans

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Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts.

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William "Boss" Tweed

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Head of the Democrat's political machine that was headquartered in Tammany Hall.

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Samuel J. Tilden

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Hayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential race, he was the Democratic nominee who had gained fame for putting Boss Tweed behind bars. He collected 184 of the necessary 185 electoral votes.

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Electoral Count Act

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this act set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 people from the senate, house, and supreme court.

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