US History-Chapter 30 & 32 – Flashcards
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Domino Theory
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the idea that if a national falls under Communist control, nearby nations will also fall under Communist control
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Geneva Accords
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a 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956
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Vietcong
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the South Vietnamese Communists who, with North Vietnamese support, fought against the government of South Vietnam in the Vietnam war
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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a network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam
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Tonkin Gulf Resolution
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a resolution adopted by Congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam
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Napalm
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a gasoline-based substance used in bombs that US planes dropped in Vietnam in order to burn away jungle and expose Vietcong hideouts
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Agent Orange
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a leaf-killing chemical sprayed by US planes in Vietnam to expose Vietcong hideouts
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Search and Destroy Mission
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US military raid on a South Vietnamese village, intended to root out villagers with ties to the Vietcong but often resulting in the destruction of the village and the displacement of its inhabitants
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Credibility Gap
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a public distrust of statements made by the government
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New Left
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youth-dominated political movement of the 1960's, embodied in such organizations as Students for a Democratic Society and the Free Speech Movement
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Students for a Democratic Society
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an antiestablishment New Left group, founded in 1960, that called for greater individual freedom and responsibility
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Free Speech Movement
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an antiestablishment New Left organization that originated in a 1964 clash between students and administrators at the University of California at Berkeley
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Tet Offensive
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a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities early in 1968
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Vietnamization
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President Nixon's strategy for ending US involvement in the Vietnam War, involving the gradual withdrawal of US troops and their replacement with South Vietnamese forces; "peace with honor"
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Silent Majority
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a name given by President Richard Nixon to the moderate, mainstream Americans who quietly supported his Vietnam War policies
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Pentagon Papers
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a 7,000 page document-- leaked to the press in 1971 by the former Defense Department worker Daniel Ellsberg--revealing that the US government had not been honest about its intentions in the Vietnam War
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War Powers Act
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a law enacted in 1973, limiting a president's right to send troops into battle without consulting Congress
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New Federalism
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President Richard Nixon's program to turn over part of the federal government's power to state and local governments
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Revenue Sharing
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the distribution of federal money to state and local governments with few or no restrictions on how it is spent
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Family Assistance Plan
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a welfare-reform proposal, approved by the House of Representatives in 1970 but defeated in the Senate, that would have guaranteed an income to welfare recipients who agreed to undergo job training and to accept work
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Stagflation
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an economic condition marked by both inflation and high unemployment
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OPEC
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the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries-- an economic association of oil-producing nations that is able to set oil prices
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Realpolitik
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a political philosophy, advocated by Henry Kissinger in the Nixon administration, that involves dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible way rather than according to a rigid policy
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SALT I Treaty
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a 5 year agreement between the US and the Soviet Union, signed in 1972, that limited the nations' numbers of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched missiles
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Committee to Reelect the President
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an organization formed to run President Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign, which was linked to the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters that set off the Watergate scandal
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National Energy Act
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a law, enacted during the Carter administration, that established a tax on gas-guzzling automobiles, removed price controls on US oil and natural gas, and provided tax credits for the development of alternative energy sources
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Camp David Accords
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2 historic agreements between Israel and Egypt, reached in negotiations at Camp David in 1978
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Earth Day
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a day set aside for environmental education, celebrated annually on April 22
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Environmentalist
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a person who works to protect the environment from destruction and pollution
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Environmental Protection Agency
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an agency established in 1970 to enforce pollution standards, to conduct environmental research, and to assist state and local governments in pollution control
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Which of the following events set off the 1st general student strike in US history?
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the invasion of Cambodia
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Which of the following served as the commander of US troops?
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William Westmoreland
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Which of the following was the US main goal in Vietnam?
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the containment of communism
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Congress passed the War Powers Act in order to ____________.
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limit the president's authority to wage war
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Which of the following authorized President Johnson (LBJ) to conduct the war in Vietnam?
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the Tonkin Gulf Resolution
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Which of the following did President Nixon say would bring about "peace with honor" in Vietnam?
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the Vietnamization of the war
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In the early years of the war, a young man could be automatically deferred from the draft by ______________.
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enrolling in college
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All of the following occurred in 1968 except for the ________________.
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invasion of Cambodia
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Inthe 1968 presidential campaign, a dove would have been most likely to support ___________.
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Eugene McCarthy
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In the 1940s, which countries' troops, at one point or another, occupied Vietnam?
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France & Japan
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With what nation did the US sign the SALT I Treaty?
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Soviet Union
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Which of the following did President Carter believe was the most important domestic faced by the US?
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the energy crisis
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President Nixon's resignation most directly followed the _____________.
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release of taped presidential conversations
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In 1972, the "plumbers" were caught breaking into the offices of _____________.
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the Democratic National Committee
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Who presided over the trial of the Watergate "plumbers"?
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John Sirica
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Which of the following was the foundation of President Ford's foreign policy?
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the continuation of detente
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Who was the leader of a revolutionary government in Iran with which the US eventually cut off diplomatic relations?
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Ayatollah RUhollah Khomeini
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All of the following were forced to resign from office by the Watergate scandal except _____________.
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Spiro Agnew
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What did Henry Kissinger believe should be the main consideration of the US in conducting relations with another nation?
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the nation's power
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The foreign policy of detente was mainly intended to _____________.
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ease Cold War tensions
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US troops withdrew from Vietnam
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March 29, 1973
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President Nixon
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37th President, serving from 1969 to 1974 when he became the only U.S. president to resign the office; Until the Watergate scandal led to his near impeachment by the House of Representatives and resignation in 1974, he was the dominant politician of the Cold War
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President Carter
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member of the Democratic Party who served as the 39th President from 1977 to 1981. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize; pardoned Vietnam War draft evaders and announced that American troops would be withdrawn from South Korea
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President Ford
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38th President, serving from 1974 to 1977, and, prior to this, was the 40th Vice President serving from 1973 to 1974 under President Richard Nixon
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LBJ escalated the war
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August 4, 1964
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Presidential election of 1976
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Jimmy Carter won with 297 electoral votes against Gerald R. Ford
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Presidential election on 1968
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Richard M. Nixon (republican) won with 301 electoral votes against Hubert H. Humphrey (democrat) and George C. Wallace (american independent)
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Khmer Rouge
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communist party took control of Cambodia on April 17, 1975; set up policies that disregarted human life, set up massacres, 2 million died
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President to end US involvement in Vietnam
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President Richard Nixon announced an accord had been reached to end the Vietnam War
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Battle of Ia Drang Valley
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November 14, 1965 - November 18, 1965; American troops landed helicopter in Ia Drang River Valley; 1st major battle in Vietnam
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Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
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signed into law by President Richard M. Nixon on December 18, 1971, constituting at the time the largest land claims settlement in United States history
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Watergate Scandal
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5 burglars arrested on June 17, 1972 at the Watergate offices of the Democratic National Committee--Bernard L. Barker, Virgilio R. Gonzales, James W. McCord, Eugenio R. Martinez, Frank A. Sturgis; charged with attempted burglary and attempted interception of telephone and other communications; trial Begins On January 8, 1973; Judge John Sirica; President Ford pardons Pres. Nixon
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Types of warfare in Vietnam
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Guirrella tactics
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US draft
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men between the ages of 18 and 25 are required to register for draft
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Fulbright Hearings
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refers to any of the set of U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings on Vietnam conducted between 1966 and 1971
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Clark Clifford
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Secretary of Defense; american lawyer; important political advisor to Democratic Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter
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General Westmoreland
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commander of the U.S. Military Assistance Command in Vietnam from 1964 to 1968, including during the 1968 Tet Offensive
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Robert McNamara
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eighth Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson
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Tonkin Gulf Incident
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August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer Maddox exchanged shots with North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin
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President Eisenhower
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refused to commit American troops to the Franco-Vietnamese War; domino theory; 34th President from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II
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President JFK
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35th president; sent "military advisors" to Vietnam under auspices of MACV; assassinated in 1963
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President LBJ
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36th President, a position he assumed after his service as the 37th Vice President
