question

Puritans

answer

Religious group that wanted to separate from the English Church

question

Joint Stock Companies

answer

Companies what allowed several investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony that would yield profit.

question

Conquistadors

answer

Explorers who were lured by the prospect of vast lands filled with gold and silver

question

The Quakers

answer

A protestant sect that held services without formal ministers

question

Montezuma

answer

Aztec Emperor

question

John Winthrop

answer

Puritan leader

question

William Penn

answer

Belonged to the Quakers, acquired lots of land and wanted to create a new system of government and make sure that the Native Americans were payed for their land.

question

Ben Franklin

answer

Followed the ideals of Enlightenment, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.

question

Jonathan Edwards

answer

Clergy who preaches the original Puritan vision. One of the most religious scholars of his time.

question

The Enlightenment

answer

Ideas that the world was governed by fixed mathematical laws rather than solely by the will of God.

question

Mercantilism

answer

Economic system in which countries competed for wealth and power.

question

The Great Awakening

answer

A series of religious revivals aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church.

question

Treaty of Paris

answer

confirmed US independence & set boundaries

question

Declaration of Independence

answer

Created of the US, free independent states

question

The Intolerable Acts

answer

Parliament passes a series of laws in reaction to the boston tea party

question

Articles of Confederation

answer

alliance among 13 states

question

Proclamation of 1763

answer

Established a Proclamation Line where colonists were not allowed to cross (west of the Appalachian Mountains). Many did not follow this due to the expanding population.

question

Inflation

answer

rising prices

question

Stamp Act

answer

imposed tax on documents and printed items

question

Yorktown

answer

Where US troops surrounded Cornwallis & made him surrender

question

Thomas Jefferson

answer

Virginia lawyer who wrote the final draft of the Declaration of Independence, distrusted strong government & favored strong state and local government

question

Charles Cornwallis

answer

British general that captured Charleston, SC

question

John Adams

answer

President who was federalist,

question

George Washington

answer

1st president & began creating a working government

question

Alexander Hamilton

answer

secretary of the treasury, proposed to establish a national bank

question

John Locke

answer

English philosopher, "people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property."

question

The Sugar Act

answer

Halved the duty on foreign-made molasses, places duties on new imports, people accused of violating this act will be tried in a vice-admiralty court, not colonial court.

question

Patriots

answer

supporters of independence

question

Loyalists

answer

opposed independence and remained loyal to the british king

question

Three-Fifths Compromise

answer

A compromise that an African American counts as ⅗ of a person in the electoral college

question

Federalists

answer

supporters of new constitution (balance of powers)

question

Checks and balances

answer

prevents any 1 branch from dominating all others

question

Bill of Rights

answer

10 amendments of the constitution

question

Anti-federalists

answer

against the constitution (strong central government)

question

Vicksburg

answer

Battle where Grant forced confederated to surrender by constant siege

question

US Grant

answer

Military commander for North, captured 2 confederate forts

question

William T Sherman

answer

Commander of military division, raided Georgia, wanted to make the south "sick of war"

question

Abraham Lincoln

answer

republican, slavery was immoral, believes that congress should abolish slavery

question

Emancipation Proclamation

answer

emancipated the slaves, issued by Lincoln

question

The Gettysburg Address

answer

Lincoln's speech which stated that the country was a union, not just a collection of states

question

Total War

answer

All resources and industries put their efforts into fighting for the war

question

13th amendment

answer

abolished slavery

question

Uncle Tom's Cabin

answer

stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a moral struggle. In protest to the fugitive slave act

question

Robert E. Lee

answer

Southern commander in the army

question

Abraham Lincoln

answer

president, created the emancipation proclamation,

question

Harriet Beecher Stowe

answer

published Uncle Tom's cabin, hates slavery

question

Popular Sovereignty

answer

the right to vote for or against slavery

question

Fort Sumter

answer

Union forts in the south, an Island in Charleston harbor

question

Harper's Ferry

answer

John Brown tried to start a general slave uprising, 21 men black & white, didn't happen, Brown was executed

question

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

answer

The fight in congress to make these states clave free or a slave state

question

Bleeding Kansas

answer

bloody violence in the state began during the fighting to make kansas a slave state or a free state

question

Bull Run

answer

first bloodshed on the battlefield, little creek, southern victory

question

John Wilkes Booth

answer

Southern sympathizer, assassinated Lincoln

question

Gettysburg

answer

most decisive battle of the civil war, confederate Lee vs. Union Buford, 3 day battle, it broke Lee's "invincibility"

question

Antietam

answer

bloodiest single-day battle in history

question

The Ku Klux Klan

answer

prevents blacks from voting, wants to throw out reconstruction and aid planter class

question

The Carpetbaggers

answer

Northerners who moved to the south after the war

question

Scalawags

answer

wanted to improve their economic position and didn't want wealthy planters to have power

question

Thomas Edison

answer

perfected incandescent light bulbs, established world first research laboratory

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

controlled almost entire steel industry, made his fortune from railroads

question

John D Rockefeller

answer

established standard oil company, forced smaller oil companies to sell their companies

question

George Westinghouse

answer

added innoventions that made electricity safer and less expensive

question

Samuel Gompers

answer

Jewish immigrant, led cigar makers international union to join other craft unions

question

Eugene V Debs

answer

attempted to reform such an industrial union, won strike for high wages and went to jail for pullman strike

question

Boss Tweed

answer

William H. Tweed, head of Tammany Hall

question

Edmund Drake

answer

Successfully used a steam engine to drill oil, started oil business

question

Mother Harris Jones

answer

organizer of women's labor movement, helped enforce child labor laws

question

Sitting Bull

answer

leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux

question

Tammany Hall

answer

New York's most powerful democratic political machine

question

Bessemer Process

answer

injects air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities

question

Vertical Integration

answer

profits maximized by controlling all the steps while producing

question

Horizontal Integration

answer

control all manufacturing of something, monopoly

question

Sand Creek

answer

massacre where the Cheyenne tribe raided trails off their reservation for supplies. Colonel John Chivington round up the people who did not want to fight and attacked them on the fort where Chivington said would be safe.

question

Wounded Knee

answer

gathered up 350 dying Sioux, demanded to give up weapons, a shot was fired, soldiers opened fire with deadly cannon

question

The Dawes Act

answer

broke up reservations and give land to each family, individuality. Remaining land will go to whites

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

racial segregation laws

question

Upton Sinclair

answer

Muckraking journalist who wrote The Jungle

question

The Jungle

answer

Book written by Upton Sinclair about the meat packing industry

question

James Garfield

answer

Independent presidential candidate, gave reformers most of his patronage jobs once elected

question

Rutherford B. Hayes

answer

wanted civil service reform, president

question

Grover Cleveland

answer

president, attempted to lower tariff but congress refused

question

Prohibition

answer

banning of alcoholic beverages

question

Muckrakers

answer

journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business

question

Scientific Management

answer

improve efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts, aka the assembly line

question

Referendum

answer

a vote on the initiative

question

Recall

answer

voters could remove public officers for elected positions by forcing them to participate in another election

question

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP)

answer

Full equality among the races, did not support the progressive movement

question

Suffrage

answer

the right to vote

question

Federal Trade Commission

answer

A "watchdog" agency, investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes. Enforced periodic reports from companies and end unfair business practices

question

Meat Inspection Act

answer

Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpacking industries

question

William McKinley

answer

Ohioan, elected into office, his election collapsed populism

question

Theodore Roosevelt

answer

president, wanted to clean up the slaughterhouse

question

William Howard Taft

answer

president, expand Roosevelt's reform and lower tariffs

question

Clayton Antitrust Act

answer

prohibited corporations from getting stocks of other countries in effort to avoid monopoly

question

Chinese Immigrants

answer

300,00, came for gold rush, built transcontinental railway

question

Ellis Island

answer

immigration inspection station (physical and governmental) in New York

question

Angel Island

answer

immigration station in San Fran Bay, harsh questioning and detention

question

Chinese Exclusion Act

answer

stopped chinese for coming into the US except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

question

The Bull Moose Party

answer

A progressive party. Wants direct elections of senator, woman suffrage, 8 hour workdays, and federal law against child labor.

question

The Gentlemen's Agreement

answer

Japan limits immigration of unskilled workers for the US to repeal segregation order

question

William Jenning Bryan

answer

Democrat and Nebraskan

question

Marquis de Lafayette

answer

Military leader, foreign

question

Santa Fe

answer

A route from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, which is used by traders

question

17th amendment

answer

Amendment that provides for the election of the US senators by the people rather than by the state legislatures

question

Conservation

answer

Planned management of natural resources, which involves protecting the environment.

question

Draft

answer

A required enrollment in the armed services

question

John Marshall

answer

Federalist chief justice who declared that part of Congress's Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

question

James Monroe

answer

President elected in 1816, very invested in foreign affairs

question

Andrew Jackson

answer

President in 1828, embraced expanding economies, territories, and democracy.

question

John C Calhoun

answer

Southerner who convinced congressmen from their regions to approve the Tariff of 1816.

question

Jeffersonian Republicanism

answer

Jefferson's theory of government where the people should control the government and that a simple government best suited for the needs of the people.

question

Judicial Review

answer

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

question

The Great Plains

answer

A vast grassland that extends through the central portion of North American

question

James A. Polk

answer

1844 president, a slaveholder and firmly favored the annexation of Texas. Went to war with Mexico in attempt to gain Texas, New Mexico, and California.

question

Jacksonian Democracy

answer

Jackson's ideal of political power that gives common people a chance to participate in government.

question

Frederick Douglas

answer

An African American who escaped slavery and became an eloquent and outspoken critic of slavery.

question

Samuel Morse

answer

A New England artist who created the telegraph

question

Dred Scott Vs. Sanford

answer

Scott appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom on the ground that living in a free state, which makes him a free. Ruled against Dred because property could not be free.

question

William Lloyd Garrison

answer

Radical white abolitionist who was also a young editor

question

The Confederacy

answer

Secessionist states that left the United States

question

Manifest Destiny

answer

A belief that the expansion of the US throughout the american continent was both justified and inevitable

question

Free-Enterprise

answer

An economic system in which private business operates in competition and and largely free of state control.

question

The War of 1812

answer

This battle fostered a strong sense of national pride. America declared War on the British after the British interfered with America's international trade

question

Cotton Gin

answer

A machine for separating cotton from its seeds

question

Santa Anna

answer

Mexican General. Tried to crush Texas revolt. Lost battles to Winfield Scott and zachary taylor in the mexican war

question

The California Gold Rush

answer

People flocked to California due to the overwhelming amount for gold found

question

The National Bank

answer

Bank that would issue paper money and handle taxes and other government funds.

question

Natural Rights

answer

Rights people have under natural law. They are given to any human on this earth, no matter race or religion

question

Battle of Bunker Hill

answer

first battle of the revolutionary war. 1775. British troops drive Americans from Breed's hill to Bunker Hill. Americans had run out of gunpowder.

question

The Union

answer

an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights

question

The Populists

answer

A member of a political party looking to represent the people

question

Trust Busting

answer

Theodore Roosevelt's term for prosecuting monopolies

question

Age of Exploration

answer

European ships traveling to find new trade routes between the 1500's and 1700's

question

Great compromise

answer

was an agreement between large and small states made a the constitutional convention of 1787 and defined the legislative structure and representation each state would receive.

question

Internal Revenue Act

answer

Increased the income tax rates established by the Revenue Act.

question

Anaconda Plan

answer

A plan for the Union to surround the Confederates. Emphasized blocking the South's ports then would split the south in two by invading the Mississippi river.

question

The Mayflower Compact

answer

The first written framework for government establish in what now is the US.

question

The Revolutionary War

answer

The war for the US independence. America is fighting from their freedom from Britain.

question

Religious Tolerance

answer

People allow other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs.

question

Gospel of Wealth

answer

Article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889. It described the responsibility of philanthropy to the upper middle class and self made rich.

question

Red Cloud

answer

important leader of the oglala lakota.

question

Pickett's Charge

answer

An infantry assault ordered by a confederate general robert E. Lee against george G. Meade's union

question

Fredericksburg

answer

A battle in Fredericks, virginia between general Robert E. Lee's confederate army and the union army of Potomac commanded by major general ambrose burnside

question

Appomattox Court House

answer

One of the last battles of the American civil war. Confederate general Robert E. Lee's army surrendered to union army under lieutenant general Ulysses S Grant.

question

John Brown

answer

A radical abolitionist who believed in violence to overthrow the slavery system. He led an attack with his brothers on a pro-slavery residents. Attacked and occupied Harpers Ferry.

question

Christopher Columbus

answer

Italian explorer who was funded by Spain. Was credited for the discovery of America and treated Native Americans horribly.

question

The Declaratory Act

answer

An act which asserted Parliament's full right "to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever"

question

Little Big Horn

answer

A battle between the US Colonel Cluster and Native tribes. The Natives outnumbered Cluster and overwhelmed. Was known as "Clusters last stand"

question

Transcontinental Railroad

answer

Central Pacific and Union Pacific created a railway that stretched from east to west. Met in Promontory, Utah. Many immigrants built this and many died.

question

The Elastic Clause

answer

Gives congress the power to pass any laws that

question

Louisiana territory

answer

The purchase by the US from France of the Louisiana territory in 1803. President Thomas Jefferson set this up fearing that The French wanted to establish an empire in North America

question

Battle of New Orleans

answer

A battle had no bearing on the outcome of the war, but elevated national pride, which had suffered a number of setbacks during the War of 1812. Was the last armed engagement between the United States and Britain.

question

The Mexican War

answer

First U.S. armed conflict fought on foreign soil,

question

The American System

answer

system that consisted of three parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

question

Free-soiler

answer

minor but influential political party in the pre-Civil War period of American history that opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.

question

Metacom

answer

Wampanoag leader who waged King Philip's War with New England colonists who had encroached on Native American territory.

question

Frederick Winslow Taylor

answer

American Mechanical engineer who wanted to improve industrial efficiency. One of the first manager consultants.

question

Ida Tarbell

answer

American teacher and author and journalist. Leading muckracker of the progressive movement. Thought to have pioneered investigative journalism.

question

John Smith

answer

English explorer who helped found the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. Saved by pocahontas

question

Olaudah Equiano

answer

prominent African in London. A freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade.

question

Hessians

answer

30,000 German troops hired by the British to help fight during the American Revolution

question

Daniel Shays

answer

American Soldier. One of the leaders of shays rebellion.

question

Stephen Douglas

answer

American politician from Illinois. Designer of the Kansas Nebraska act. He was a US representative and senator and democratic nominee for president in 1860 losing to Abraham Lincoln.

question

Hernando Cortes

answer

Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the aztec empire.

question

Charles Sumner

answer

Antislavery leader, elected into congress as a free-soilers, beaten by Preston Brooks,

question

Jefferson Davis

answer

Mexican war hero, US senator from Mississippi. President of the confederate states of america. (Princess Leia- president of rebellion)

question

Woodrow Wilson

answer

28th president of the US. Was a progressive and and governor of NJ

question

William Seward

answer

Served as governor of NY and was a secretary of state during the civil war. Won a seat in the New york state senate

question

Preston Brooks

answer

Beat charles sumner with a cane. Democratic representative from south carolina.

question

Jim Beckwourth

answer

American mountain man, fur trader and explorer

question

Edward Curtis

answer

American ethnologist and photographer of the American West and of native american people

question

Thomas Nast

answer

Political cartoonist

question

Lewis and Clark

answer

First American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. Their goal was to find the most direct and practicable water communication across the country

question

John Quincy Adams

answer

American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States. He was also a diplomat, Senator and member of the House of Representatives

question

Sam Houston

answer

American politician and soldier, best known for his role in bringing Texas into the United States as a constituent state.

question

Edwin Stanton

answer

an American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War

question

Samuel Adams

answer

an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

question

John Hancock

answer

Wrote a bold signature on the declaration of independence

question

Thomas Hobbes

answer

Philosophiser

question

Ann Hutchinson

answer

puritan spiritual advisor

question

Molly Pitcher

answer

Nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Battle of Monmouth. Most likely was mary ludwig hays. Stepped in for husband

question

Dolly Madison

answer

American first lady and wife of james madison, the fourth president of the US.

US History Chapter 1-11 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards