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Frances Perkins was instrumental in creating the

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Social Security Act.

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Which statement best describes the American economy before the Great Depression?

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Most families had no savings.

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On Black Thursday, October 24, 1929

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stock prices plunged on the New York Stock Exchange.

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The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930

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raised tariff rates, bringing a needed infusion of cash into the federal budget.

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In 1929, unemployment was 3 percent. By 1933, it was

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25%

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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation tried to fight the Depression by

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loaning money to banks, railroads, and large corporations to keep them in business.

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Why did Hoover oppose direct federal relief to the poor?

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He thought it would erode the work ethic.

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The Glass-Steagall Banking Act

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increased bank reserves to encourage lending.

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Milo Reno and the Farmers' Holiday Association

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called on farmers to resist foreclosures and to destroy their crops.

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Which statement best describes President Hoover's handling of the Bonus March?

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He turned the army against unemployed World War I veterans, virtually destroying his reelection chances.

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As governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt established the reputation of being

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a caring and energetic leader.

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The Emergency Banking Act

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allowed the federal government to support private banks.

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The Agricultural Adjustment Act

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paid farmers not to grow crops or raise livestock.

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The National Recovery Administration

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drafted national industrial codes and supervised their implementation.

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Which statement best describes the impact of the Great Depression on traditional values?

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Most Americans deserted traditional values in the face of such suffering.

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The Scottsboro Nine were

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African American males who were falsely accused of rape.

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How did the Great Depression affect women's position in the home?

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It had little impact on women's position in the home.

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The Public Works Administration sought

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to offer equal pay for all workers, regardless of race.

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Senator Huey Long of Louisiana advocated

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heavy taxes for rich people to provide a range of benefits for everyone else.

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The Works Progress Administration

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did little more than "make work" for a few hundred unemployed persons.

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The Fair Labor Standards Act

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established a minimum wage and a maximum workweek.

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Perhaps the most dramatic political miscalculation of his presidency was when Franklin Roosevelt

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tried to appoint additional members of the Supreme Court.

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The Wagner Act

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defined unfair labor practices.

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Novels like Erskine Caldwell's Tobacco Road, John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and Richard Wright's Native Son

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portrayed poor individuals struggling against problems that were society's fault.

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The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

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gave Indians self-rule on their reservations.

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Which statement best describes the long-term impact of the New Deal?

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Americans look to the federal government to solve economic problems.

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Theodore Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike (1902):

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helped win the strikers higher wages.

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Jane Addams:

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Founded hull house

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Which statement about the Progressive movement is most accurate?

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It typically reflected the concerns of the urban middle class.

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The Social Gospel Movement:

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suggested that if people followed Jesus' teachings, they would reform society.

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Margaret Sanger attracted wide attention in 1916 when she:

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went to jail for teaching women about birth control.

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By the late 19th century, advocates of Prohibition:

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tried to use the power of government to make people stop using alcohol.

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Which statement describing African Americans during the Progressive Era is most accurate?

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They allied with southern white progressives and challenged disfranchisement and segregation laws.

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Which statement about W. E. B. Du Bois is most accurate?

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He challenged Booker T. Washington's leadership and urged black people to demand their rights.

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Ida B. Wells exposed the horror of:

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lynching

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The Socialist Party of America:

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proclaimed itself the political arm of workers and farmers.

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Who were the muckrakers?

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Journalists who published stories exposing the corruption of business and politics.

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Which piece of reform legislation directly resulted from muckraking efforts?

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Meat Inspection Act

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The city manager system reflected the Progressive focus on:

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expertise and efficiency.

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Robert La Follette led:

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Wisconsin Progressives

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As governor of California, Hiram Johnson:

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was an uncompromising opponent of corporate influence in politics.

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Also called direct legislation, the initiative:

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allows voters to demand special recall elections to get rid of corrupt officials.

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Progressives endorsed the initiative and the referendum because they:

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granted special favors to interest groups.

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Which statement best describes Theodore Roosevelt's views on trusts?

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Trusts are potentially beneficial, but they need regulation.

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Who was Theodore Roosevelt's chief advisor on conservation issues?

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Gifford Pinchot

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The Sixteenth Amendment:

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gives the federal government the authority to tax income.

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What was NOT a provision of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty?

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the United States paid Colombia $10 million for Panamanian independence.

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The Roosevelt Corollary:

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proclaimed the right of the United States to police the Caribbean areas.

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Dollar diplomacy was:

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the Taft Administration's policy of supporting U.S. investments abroad.

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Which platform sought to prosecute trusts and reduce tariffs in the 1912 election?

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The New Freedom

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Louis Brandeis convinced Woodrow Wilson to center his 1912 presidential campaign on which issue?

answer

big business

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As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson:

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shocked party leaders by embracing reform issues.

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The Underwood Act:

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was enacted by Congress in 1913 to substantially reduce tariffs.

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The Federal Reserve Act of 1913:

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provided some regulation for the nation's banking system.

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What is one important role of the Federal Reserve?

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to carry out the nation's monetary policy

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Prior to August 1914, most Americans believed

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that war had become obsolete.

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The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty of 1914

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gave the United States the right to build a canal through Nicaragua.

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Why did Woodrow Wilson send American troops into Mexico in 1916?

answer

Because Pancho Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico

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The Central Powers included

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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

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Which statement best describes the first few months of World War I?

answer

Germany hoped for a quick knockout blow but settled into a stalemate position.

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When World War I broke out in Europe, Woodrow Wilson

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urged Americans to be neutral in fact as well as in name.

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Which groups of Americans did not sympathize with the Allies during World War I?

answer

Irish-Americans and German-Americans

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William Jennings Bryan's concept of neutrality

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allowed the United States to do business with all warring nations.

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Why did the Germans sink the British passenger liner Lusitania?

answer

British passenger ships were used to carry munitions.

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The sinking of the French ship Sussex resulted in

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an American ultimatum that unrestricted U-boat attacks would lead to war.

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How did the war affect economic relations between the United States and the Allies?

answer

The United States became more closely tied to Britain and France through increased trade.

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In the months before the American declaration of war

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Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.

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The mission of the War Industries Board was to

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supervise wartime production.

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The National War Labor Board

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endorsed collective bargaining to resolve labor disputes.

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The Creel Committee

answer

whipped up hatred against the Germans.

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When opponents of the Espionage Act challenged its legality, the Supreme Court

answer

ruled that freedom of speech was never absolute.

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Which statement best describes how the war affected African Americans?

answer

Many moved north to take better jobs.

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Congress passed the Selective Service Act because

answer

not enough men were volunteering for service.

question

Half a million Americans died in 1918 and 1919 from

answer

influenza

question

Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?

answer

The Russians had suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of the Germans.

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How did the Allies react to Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?

answer

They expressed little enthusiasm for them.

question

After the fighting in World War I had ended

answer

civil war raged on in Russia.

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The Treaty of Versailles

answer

imposed heavy reparations payments on Germany.

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Henry Cabot Lodge

answer

led a Senate faction that sought amendments to Article 10 of the League Covenant.

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An unusually large number of strikes occurred in 1919 because

answer

wages had not kept up with the wartime cost of living.

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Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer's raids in 1919-1920

answer

led to the arrest of 5,000 people for their political views.

question

The Eighteenth Amendment

answer

outlawed the production, sale, or transportation of alcohol.

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In the presidential election of 1920

answer

Republicans won by a landslide.

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What was Woodrow Wilson trying to accomplish by presenting his Fourteen Points?

answer

A program for world peace

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One of the ways that American business changed during the 1920s was that it:

answer

used increasingly sophisticated marketing techniques.

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Which statement best describes American consumers' habits in the 1920s?

answer

With more homes having access to electricity, they purchased a growing number of household appliances.

question

A principle reason for Henry Ford's success as an automobile manufacturer was that he:

answer

developed a mass-production system that drove down production costs.

question

A. P. Giannini's Bank of Italy:

answer

set up branches near homes and workplaces.

question

The American stock market in the 1920s:

answer

was driven partly by real economic growth and partly by speculation.

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