US history 20-23 – Flashcards with Answers
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In 1929, unemployment was 3 percent. By 1933, it was
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25%
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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation tried to fight the Depression by
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loaning money to banks, railroads, and large corporations to keep them in business.
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Why did Hoover oppose direct federal relief to the poor?
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He thought it would erode the work ethic.
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The Glass-Steagall Banking Act
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increased bank reserves to encourage lending.
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Milo Reno and the Farmers' Holiday Association
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called on farmers to resist foreclosures and to destroy their crops.
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Which statement best describes President Hoover's handling of the Bonus March?
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He turned the army against unemployed World War I veterans, virtually destroying his reelection chances.
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As governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt established the reputation of being
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a caring and energetic leader.
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The Emergency Banking Act
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allowed the federal government to support private banks.
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act
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paid farmers not to grow crops or raise livestock.
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The National Recovery Administration
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drafted national industrial codes and supervised their implementation.
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Which statement best describes the impact of the Great Depression on traditional values?
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Most Americans deserted traditional values in the face of such suffering.
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The Scottsboro Nine were
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African American males who were falsely accused of rape.
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How did the Great Depression affect women's position in the home?
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It had little impact on women's position in the home.
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The Public Works Administration sought
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to offer equal pay for all workers, regardless of race.
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Senator Huey Long of Louisiana advocated
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heavy taxes for rich people to provide a range of benefits for everyone else.
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The Works Progress Administration
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did little more than "make work" for a few hundred unemployed persons.
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The Fair Labor Standards Act
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established a minimum wage and a maximum workweek.
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Perhaps the most dramatic political miscalculation of his presidency was when Franklin Roosevelt
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tried to appoint additional members of the Supreme Court.
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The Wagner Act
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defined unfair labor practices.
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Novels like Erskine Caldwell's Tobacco Road, John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and Richard Wright's Native Son
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portrayed poor individuals struggling against problems that were society's fault.
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The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
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gave Indians self-rule on their reservations.
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Which statement best describes the long-term impact of the New Deal?
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Americans look to the federal government to solve economic problems.
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Theodore Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike (1902):
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helped win the strikers higher wages.
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Jane Addams:
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Founded hull house
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Which statement about the Progressive movement is most accurate?
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It typically reflected the concerns of the urban middle class.
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The Social Gospel Movement:
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suggested that if people followed Jesus' teachings, they would reform society.
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Margaret Sanger attracted wide attention in 1916 when she:
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went to jail for teaching women about birth control.
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By the late 19th century, advocates of Prohibition:
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tried to use the power of government to make people stop using alcohol.
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Which statement describing African Americans during the Progressive Era is most accurate?
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They allied with southern white progressives and challenged disfranchisement and segregation laws.
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Which statement about W. E. B. Du Bois is most accurate?
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He challenged Booker T. Washington's leadership and urged black people to demand their rights.
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Ida B. Wells exposed the horror of:
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lynching
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The Socialist Party of America:
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proclaimed itself the political arm of workers and farmers.
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Who were the muckrakers?
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Journalists who published stories exposing the corruption of business and politics.
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Which piece of reform legislation directly resulted from muckraking efforts?
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Meat Inspection Act
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The city manager system reflected the Progressive focus on:
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expertise and efficiency.
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Robert La Follette led:
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Wisconsin Progressives
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As governor of California, Hiram Johnson:
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was an uncompromising opponent of corporate influence in politics.
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Also called direct legislation, the initiative:
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allows voters to demand special recall elections to get rid of corrupt officials.
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Progressives endorsed the initiative and the referendum because they:
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granted special favors to interest groups.
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Which statement best describes Theodore Roosevelt's views on trusts?
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Trusts are potentially beneficial, but they need regulation.
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Who was Theodore Roosevelt's chief advisor on conservation issues?
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Gifford Pinchot
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The Sixteenth Amendment:
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gives the federal government the authority to tax income.
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What was NOT a provision of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty?
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the United States paid Colombia $10 million for Panamanian independence.
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The Roosevelt Corollary:
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proclaimed the right of the United States to police the Caribbean areas.
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Dollar diplomacy was:
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the Taft Administration's policy of supporting U.S. investments abroad.
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Which platform sought to prosecute trusts and reduce tariffs in the 1912 election?
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The New Freedom
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Louis Brandeis convinced Woodrow Wilson to center his 1912 presidential campaign on which issue?
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big business
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As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson:
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shocked party leaders by embracing reform issues.
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The Underwood Act:
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was enacted by Congress in 1913 to substantially reduce tariffs.
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The Federal Reserve Act of 1913:
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provided some regulation for the nation's banking system.
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What is one important role of the Federal Reserve?
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to carry out the nation's monetary policy
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Prior to August 1914, most Americans believed
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that war had become obsolete.
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The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty of 1914
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gave the United States the right to build a canal through Nicaragua.
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Why did Woodrow Wilson send American troops into Mexico in 1916?
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Because Pancho Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico
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The Central Powers included
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
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Which statement best describes the first few months of World War I?
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Germany hoped for a quick knockout blow but settled into a stalemate position.
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When World War I broke out in Europe, Woodrow Wilson
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urged Americans to be neutral in fact as well as in name.
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Which groups of Americans did not sympathize with the Allies during World War I?
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Irish-Americans and German-Americans
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William Jennings Bryan's concept of neutrality
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allowed the United States to do business with all warring nations.
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Why did the Germans sink the British passenger liner Lusitania?
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British passenger ships were used to carry munitions.
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The sinking of the French ship Sussex resulted in
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an American ultimatum that unrestricted U-boat attacks would lead to war.
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How did the war affect economic relations between the United States and the Allies?
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The United States became more closely tied to Britain and France through increased trade.
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In the months before the American declaration of war
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Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
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The mission of the War Industries Board was to
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supervise wartime production.
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The National War Labor Board
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endorsed collective bargaining to resolve labor disputes.
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The Creel Committee
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whipped up hatred against the Germans.
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When opponents of the Espionage Act challenged its legality, the Supreme Court
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ruled that freedom of speech was never absolute.
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Which statement best describes how the war affected African Americans?
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Many moved north to take better jobs.
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Congress passed the Selective Service Act because
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not enough men were volunteering for service.
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Half a million Americans died in 1918 and 1919 from
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influenza
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Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?
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The Russians had suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of the Germans.
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How did the Allies react to Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?
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They expressed little enthusiasm for them.
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After the fighting in World War I had ended
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civil war raged on in Russia.
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The Treaty of Versailles
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imposed heavy reparations payments on Germany.
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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led a Senate faction that sought amendments to Article 10 of the League Covenant.
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An unusually large number of strikes occurred in 1919 because
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wages had not kept up with the wartime cost of living.
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Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer's raids in 1919-1920
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led to the arrest of 5,000 people for their political views.
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The Eighteenth Amendment
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outlawed the production, sale, or transportation of alcohol.
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In the presidential election of 1920
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Republicans won by a landslide.
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What was Woodrow Wilson trying to accomplish by presenting his Fourteen Points?
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A program for world peace
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One of the ways that American business changed during the 1920s was that it:
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used increasingly sophisticated marketing techniques.
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Which statement best describes American consumers' habits in the 1920s?
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With more homes having access to electricity, they purchased a growing number of household appliances.
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A principle reason for Henry Ford's success as an automobile manufacturer was that he:
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developed a mass-production system that drove down production costs.
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A. P. Giannini's Bank of Italy:
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set up branches near homes and workplaces.
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The American stock market in the 1920s:
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was driven partly by real economic growth and partly by speculation.
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