US History 2 Final Review – Flashcards
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Dust Bowl
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Name given to parts of the Great Plains in the 1930s after severe drought stuck in the region.
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Huey Long
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US Senator from Louisiana who wanted to take from the rich and give to the poor.
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Fireside Chats
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Radio talks broadcasted by FDR.
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FDR
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New York governor who won the election of 1932.
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FDIC
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New Deal agency created in 1933 to insure bank deposits.
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CCC
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Civilian Conservation Corps- New Deal agency established in 1933, employed young men on conservation projects.
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TVA
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Tennessee Valley Authority- New Deal program est. in 1933; built dams and power stations to provide hydroelectric power and flood control to the Tennessee River Valley.
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New Deal Supreme Court
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Rejected some of FDR's programs.
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Atlantic Charter
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1941-Pledge signed by US President FDR and a British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of World War 2 and to work for peace after the war.
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Dec 7th, 1941
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Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
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Isolationism
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National policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations.
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Maginot Line
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Line of defenses built by France along its border with Germany.
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Red Army
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Russian Army during WW2.
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Turning point in WW2 where Soviets beat Germany.
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Battle of Coral Sea
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1942- WW2 battle in which the Allies stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.
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Douglas MacArthur
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General who defended the Philippines.
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Erwin Rommel
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"Desert Fox" who had advanced as far as El Alamein. He was sent in by Hitler to North America.
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Battle of the Bulge
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1944- WW2 battle in which the Allies stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.
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Normandy
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Allies landed here on D-Day, June 6th, 1944.
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Chester Nimitz
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Commander of the US Pacific fleet.
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Cold War
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1945-1991- Long power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union, waged mostly on economic and political fronts rather than on the battlefield.
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Satellite Nations
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Countries controlled by the Soviet Union.
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Containment
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US foreign policy followed during the Cold War that sought to prevent the expansion of Soviet communism.
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Marshall Plan
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European Recovery Program, US program of giving money to European countries to help them rebuild their economies after WW2.
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; alliance formed in 1949 by the US, Western European nations, and other countries to help defend each other in case of attack.
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Dwight Eisenhower
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WW2 hero chosen as presidential candidate in 1952 and won.
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Truman Doctrine
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1947- President Harry S. Truman's policy stating that the United States would help any country fighting against communism.
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Eisenhower Doctrine
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Issued in Jan. 1957, Eisenhower offered military aid to any Middle Eastern nation seeking help in resisting communist aggression.
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Sputnik
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The world's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
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U.N. Security Council
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Part of UN in charge of military force.
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Palestine
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After WW2, thousands of European Jews fled to Palestine.
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Plessy VS. Ferguson
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1896- Supreme Court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine for public facilities.
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JD Salinger
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Author who wrote The Catcher in the Rye.
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- Group founded by the W.E.B Du Bois and others in 1909 to end racial discrimination.
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Medicaid
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Federal program created in 1965 to provide free health care to the needy.
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Medicare
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Federal health insurance program for people over the age of 65; created in 1965.
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Richard Nixon
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Ran against Kennedy in 1960 and lost.
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LBJ
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Able to get Kennedy's bills passed and was Kennedy's running mate.
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Barry Goldwater
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Ran against LBJ in 1964.
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Election of 1960
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Republican Nixon ran against Democratic Kennedy. Kennedy won.
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Gideon VS. Wainright
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Declared that the states must provide lawyers at public expense, for poor defendants charged with serious crimes.
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Miranda VS. Arizona
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1966- The accused persons must be informed of their rights at the time of their arrest.
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Escobedo VS. Illinois
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1964-Granted the accused the right to have a lawyer.
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Bay of Pigs
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Group of anti-Castro Cuban refugees were to invade Cuba. Resulted in disaster.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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1962- Standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in which the Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade the island, followed by an easing of Cold War tensions.
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SNCC
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee- Student organization formed in 1960 to coordinate civil rights demonstrations and to provide training for protests.
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J.Edgar Hoover
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FBI director who organized counter intelligence programs to block the activities of black nationalist and civil rights groups.
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George Wallace
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Banned the protest march for voting rights from Selma to Montgomery.
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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Led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to end discrimination.
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Brown VS. Board
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1954- Supreme court case that declared "separate but equal" public schools unconstitutional.
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NOW
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National Organization for Women- Tried to influence and ensure social and economic equality for women.
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Roe VS. Wade
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The court overturned a state law limiting women's access to abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
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Betty Friedan
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Author who hoped to dispute the popular notion that higher education was harmful to women.
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Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
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Robert Kennedy
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Senator of New York who was the brother of slain President JFK and a former US attorney general.
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Ho Chi Minh
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Led the Vietnamese fight for independence.
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Henry Kissinger
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Nixon's key foreign policy adviser.
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War Powers Act (1973)
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Legislation that reaffirmed Congress constitutional power to declare war, set a 60 day limit on the presidential commitment of US troops to foreign conflicts.
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Kent State University
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4 anti-discrimination protests occured here.
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Pentagon Papers
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Secret government documents published in 1971, revealed that the US government has mislead Americans about the Vietnam War.
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William Westmoreland
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Commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam.
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Watergate
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Scandal in which President Nixon authorized the cover-up of a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, led to Nixons resignation in 1974.
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James McCord
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A former CIA agent who had taken part in the Watergate break-in.
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John Dean
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Nixon's former White House attorney who provided that the President had been directly involved in the cover-up.
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WIN
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Whip Inflation Now- President Gerald Ford's slogan to garner support for his anti-inflation program.
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Harry Truman
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President from 1945-1953, who faced the decision to drop the atomic bomb. He proceeded.
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Jimmy Carter
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Former Georgia governor who won the election of 1976.
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Manual Noriega
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Panamanian dictator and drug smuggler.
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Americans with Disabilities Act
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Prohibits discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in employment, transportation, telephone services and public buildings.
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Glasnot
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Soviet policy est. in the 1980s that promoted political openness and freedom of expression.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Leader of the Soviet Union in 1985.
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New Right
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Various conservative voters groups that grew in strength in the 1980s.
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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A militant Islamic leader, forced the shah to flee Iran.
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Geraldine Ferraro
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Walter Mondale's running mate who became the first woman to run on a major party presidential ticket.
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Clarence Thomas
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Conservative African American judge and former head of the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
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Fidel Castro
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Rebel leader who led an uprising that succeeded in overthrowing the Cuban dictator in 1959.
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Wounded Knee
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American Indian protest that turned into a massacre in South Dakota.
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Medgar Evers
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NAACP field secretary who was killed by a white assassin.
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Malcolm X
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The growth of the Nation of Islam during the 1950s was in part of Malcolm X.
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Head Start
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A pre-school education program for low-income families.
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Shot and killed President JFK. Was later shot by nightclub owner Jack Ruby.
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Dixiecrats
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States rights party; formed in 1948 by southern Democrats who were dissatisfied with President Truman's support for civil rights issues.
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Mao Zedong
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Communist Part leader who made reforms that gave land to peasants.
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George Marshall
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Secretary of State who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall Plan.
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Hiroshima
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An atomic bomb was dropped on the city killing 75,000 people.
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Yalta Conference(1945)
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Meeting of US President FDR, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to plan for the postwar world.
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Genocide
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Deliberate annihilation of an entire people.
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Internment Camps
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Forced relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Americans in WW2.
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Auschwitz
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Major death camp in Poland during the Holocaust.
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Woodstock (1969)
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Rock concert near Woodstock, NY that marked the high point of the counterculture era.
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Spiro Agnew
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Vice President of Nixon who was charged with income tax invasion.
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Michael Dukakis
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Ran with Lloyd Bentsen in the 1988 election.
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Walter Mondale
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Senator of Minnesota who was Jimmy Carter's running mate in the 1976 election.
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Tet Offensive (1968)
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Attack by North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops against South Vietnam during Tet, the Vietnamese New Year; demonstrated that the North Vietnamese were still militarily strong.
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Black Panther Party
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Political organization formed in the 1960's that called for empowerment of and defense for African Americans.
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Freedom Riders
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A group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation.
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Warren Commission
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Special group led by Chief Justice Earl Warren to investigate the assassination of JFK.
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G.I. Bill (1944)
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Servicemens readjustment act, est. pensions and government loans to veterans for education, businesses, or to buy houses or farms.
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Peace Corps
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Program begun by JFK to send volunteers to work in developing nations for two years.
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Explorer 1
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First US satellite in space.
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Zionism
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Movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
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Hollywood Ten
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Group of film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer questions from the House Un-American Activities Committee.
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V-E Day
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Marked the formal end of a brutal war that had held Europe in its grip for more than 5 years.
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War Production Board
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WW2 agency that was in charge of converting factories to war production.
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Manhattan Project
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Secret US project begun in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb.
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Island-hopping
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US WW2 strategy of conquering only the Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan.
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Social Security Act (1935)
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Law that provides retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and payments to people with disabilities and widows and children of male workers who had died.
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New Deal
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President FDR's programs for helping the US economy during the Great Depression.
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Gerald Ford
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Nominated by Nixon for Vice President.
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Neil Armstrong
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Astronaut who landed Apollo 11 on the moon in 1969.
