US History 1 first test (colonies) – Flashcards
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Roanoke
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a failed colony on roanoke island, mysteriously disappeared
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Jamestown
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the first successful English colony in the new world (settled in 1607), the capital of Virginia, at first many die from disease and starvation but then discover tobacco
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headright system
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a way to get people to come to Jamestown: started selling people land (before all owned by the Virginia Company)
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opechancanough
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NA chief, brother of Powhatan, led resistance against the English, killed by the English
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Navigation acts
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recquired tobacco to be shipped only to england in english ships which decreased the number of shippers competing for tobacco and increased the tobacco in the english market
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Governor Berkley (of Virginia)
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favored his friends (the elite) and gave them all positions of power and all the good land
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Nathaniel Bacon
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cousin of Berkley, led rebellion against the elite and Berkley, also led attacks against NA, drove Berkley and his men away, burned Jamestown down, died soon after so Berkley returned
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Bacon's Rebellion
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the non-elite in Virginia were angry since Berkley didn't give them any political power and left them no land, so Bacon rebelled against them
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Roger Williams
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Salem minister, said Puritans hadn't done enought to seperate from England, to escape arrest fled and founded Providence, believes in religious freedom
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american exceptionalism
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the american belief that we're somehow different or maybe even better from everybody else
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indentured servitude
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people who were too poor to pay for their crossing to the New World could sell themselves into servitude for a certain amount of time and then they were freed
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Anthony Johnson
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a freed black man who became very rich and powerful and even owned slaves of his own, at one point even went to court against a white man and won
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free blacks
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at the very beginning, when whites first brought slaves over from africa, blacks were like indentured servants: were freed after a certain amount of time, over time, as slavery became more and more cemented into the colonies' culture, blacks were no longer freed, and freed blacks lost most, if not all, of their rights
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puritans
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very religious, believe in predestination, thought Anglican Church hadn't reformed enough so wanted to reform the church, thrown out of england, mostly "middlers", came to New England to openly practice their religion and escape oppression
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Citty Upon A Hill
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the puritans wanted to be an example of the way things "should" be and wanted everybody around to watch them and learn from them
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separatists
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extremely radical protestants that wanted to completely seperate from the church of england
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covenant
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a contract with god, puritans believed that they had a covenant with god and that if they didn't succeed in the New world god would punish them
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A Modell of Christian Charity
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a speech by Winthrop in which he talks about the goals of the puritans settling in the New World, highlights "brotherhood"
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half-way covenant
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the children of partial members of the puritan church could be baptised so that there would be an increase in church members
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Anne Hutchinson
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said that she had the power of prophecy, accused ministers of being phonies/sinful which made the men in charge very angry, got exiled from NE, took refuge in RI
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Witchcraft
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as paranoia increased in NE, they turned to witchcraft to explain bad happenings, believed "witches" worked for satan, killed those who didn't confess
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John Winthrop
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wrote "A Modell of Christian Charity", led many puritans to NE, served as governor for many years
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Stono rebellion
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slaves in the deep south rebelled, trying to get their freedom, but were unseccessful
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rice and indigo
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the staple crops of the deep south
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quakers
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believed that everybody is "spritually equal", mostly on the poorer side, dressed/lived simply, pacifists, believed in relgious toleration
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James II
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king of england, catholic, wanted more control over the colonies: sent malitia to govern them, set up Dominion and increased taxes
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Glorious Revolution(s)
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William and Mary were invited by parliament, made James II flee, took over but parliament still had more power than the monarch, re-established protestantism, colonies went back to being as independent as they were before, compromised: crown interferes a little, but colonies still have control over their own affairs
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William of Orange
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took over being King of England when James II fled, a protestant
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Mary Stuart
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the wife of William of Orange
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Jacob Leisler
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led rebellions against James II and his policies in NY, became governor of NY when the Dominion fell, calvinist, militant, divided NY along ethnic and class lines (poor dutch generally liked him, rich English generally didn't)
