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Imperialism

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the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

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Queen Liliuekalani

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realized her reign in Hawaii was ending

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Alfred T. Mahan

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U.S. Navy admiral ured for: naval base in Hawaii naval fleet canal in Panama

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Jose Marti

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cuban poet and journalist in exile in NY, launched revolution in 1895. Oragnaized Cuban resistance against Spain by using active guerrilla campaign and destroying property including american sugar mills and plantations he tried to help the rebels achieve "Cuba Libre!" by provoking the U.S.

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yellow journalism

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Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

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U.S.S Maine

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mckinley ordered this ship to cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from fighting and to protect American property. The ship blew up in the harbor of Havana (killing 260 men) and Spain was blamed for this tragedy

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foraker act

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This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized U.S. territory. Puerto Ricans were not given U.S. citizenship, but the U.S. president appointed the island's governor and governing council.

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platt amendments

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cuba cant make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its terriroty US can intervene cannot go into debt US can buy or lease land on island for naval ships and refueling stations

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protectorate

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country whos affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

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Social Darwinism

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A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

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"The White Man's Burden"

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the US moral obligation to educate and help self-govern other countries

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Seward's Folly

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purchase of alaska

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De Lome letter

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Spanish Ambassador's (Dupuy de Lôme) letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

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Spanish-American War

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1898 - America wanted Spain to peacefully resolve the Cuaban's fight for independence - the start of the war was due in large part to yellow journalism

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Insular cases

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These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.

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Open Door notes

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notes were letters addressed to the leaders of imperalist na tions proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the United States, thus creating an ________. This meant no single natiom would have monopoly on trade with any part of China. (other imperalist powers agreed reluctantly)

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Boxer Rebellion

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boxers killed hundreds of missionaries and other foreigners, including chinese who converted to christanity. in august 1900 troops from britan, france, germany, and japan joined 2500 american soliders and ended their rebellion Practicers of martial arts

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What was the Papauncefote Treaty and who was president at time of building of canal

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(TR) Americans recieved the right to build it in the Papauncefote treaty . It helped panama gain independence from Columbia (which didnt support canal)

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Roosevelt Corollary

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(TR) , Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in Latin America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

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dollar diplomacy

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Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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william taft

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1908; Republican; continued and expanded upon Theodore Roosevelts policy of trustbusting (he even filed suit against the largest, US Steel), foreign policy characterized by "Dollar Diplomacy," proposed the 16th amendment creating a federal income tax (ratified in 1913 as he was leaving office)

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theodore roosevelt

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1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.

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Francisco "Pancho" Villa

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A popular nationalist with the support and aid of the U.S. during the Mexican Revolution. Threatened Wilson with reprisals against U.S. Villa killed american engenieers, 150,000 men searched for Villa for revenge US angered Mexicans, clashed with army An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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believed that the US promised independence Filipino General helped US take Philipines during Spanish-American war helped Philippines gain freedom from US

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Mexican Revolution

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(1910-1920 CE) Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

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Seward's Folly or Seward's Icebox

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named after the secretary of state, William Seward, this was a term used for the deal that he signed for when he bought Alaska from the Russians. This was called a folly/icebox cause they thought it was a dumb purchase because of the high price $$$

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Annex

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Join or merge territory into an existing political unit such as a country or state

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Moral/Missionary Diplomacy

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Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy to spread American ideals and democracy; said that the US had moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile

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Commonwealth

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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them AKA democratic republic / independent country

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How did manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the 1800s?

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belief that the US was most fit and destined to rule the Pacific and would help "inferior" peoples the by bringing them civilization and Christianity

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What factors led to the growth of imperialism in the late 1800s?

answer

Economic- Competition among indust. nats. -->Desire to gain new markets(to counter overproduction+euro tariffs) and raw materials(to expand industrialization quickly), belief that more "land" would fuel economic growth and thus increase American prosperity and power Political- Belief that expansion would bring the US greater political power and military strength, making it better able to counter Europe Social- Belief that the US was most fit (and destined) to rule the Pacific and would help "inferior" peoples the by bringing them civilization and Christianity

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What social beliefs were used to justify imperialism?

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social darwinism manifest destiny

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Why did some oppose imperialism?

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goes against american values of equality-two classes, one participates in gov and other is ruled by upper(imperialized countries)

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How are race and imperialism connected?

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Often times imperialsits will believe they are helping an uncivilized country become more advanced and successful. They believe that the people they are conquering are an inferior race who wouldn't know how to govern themselves unless the white people showed them how. However, usually the imperialists do more to hurt than to help country they are conquering and, in the end, are onlyreally imperializing for the benefit of their country.

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following Puerto Rico

answer

civil gov

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What territories does the US have today?

answer

American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands

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What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War?

answer

- US wanted to expand -major sugar exports -It was Spains last American colony -Cubans wanted their independence Causes of war 1. sugar cane-American business interest in Cuba 2. sympathy for Cuba-we understood they wanted to be free 3. Yellow Journalism-U.S. Maine exploded

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What influence did the US have on Cuba in the early 1900s?

answer

rebellion in cuba created instability post spanish control. troops sent to cuba to reestablish a us controlled provisional gov. the us would send marines whenever polit instibility arose. under roosevlt

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How was the US policy toward China different from US policy toward the Philippines? What can you attribute to the difference?

answer

china-too big and far away-->didn't want to make it a colonie, & they didn't want to fight the euro powers who already had some control in the country phil.- is smaller+closer, not afraid to take control w/ ruthless tactics

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What beliefs about America's industrial capitalist economy were reflected in the Open Door policy?

answer

desire to gain new markets and raw materials in china

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Why has Taft's foreign policy been coined "dollar diplomacy?"

answer

loans and economic (dollars!) investment as a way to spread american influence

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What were some of the "benefits" of US imperialism for other countries? Negatives?

answer

provided food+clothing helped farmers put land back into cultivation organized elementary schools improved sanitation+med research-->eliminate disease

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Cuba

answer

-rebellion causes instability -U.S. sends 5000 troops to reestablish a US controlled provisional gov -us sent marines for 2 decades with political insability -roosevelt

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What are the similarities and differences between Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, Taft's Dollar Diplomacy and Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy?

answer

Roosevelt's Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine that declared the United States could intervene, or use military force to keep peace, in Latin American countries when necessary. Dollar Diplomacy focused on business. Taft believed the United States should invest in other countries. Woodrow Wilson, the next president, followed Moral Diplomacy, which is also known as Missionary Diplomacy, the idea of refusing to recognize governments that were not democratic

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why roosevelt corollary was made

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Roosevelt feared that European powers would loan money to LA and thus become involved in the western hemisphere (a violation of the Monroe Doctrine). Because of this, this was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, and became a part of the US foreign policy.

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treaty of paris

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-ended war feb 6 1899 - made cuba independent -p.r. and guam given to U.S. -U.S. buys philippines for 20 mill

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Japan/Russia

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-Japanese asked US to create negotiation -Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) -jap gains korea -caused US ti become involved with Asia -Roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Panama

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-U.S. wanted help gain them independence from Colombia -Also build canal -US warships ensure independence (1903) -canals open 1914 along with ports -Roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Dominican Republic

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-had trouble repaying loans to European nations -appeals to the US for help -European intervention stopped and the Roosevelt Corollary is formed and articulated -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Mexico

answer

- during the Rev, US got involved because it disagreeed with new corrupt goverment that was unfriendly with US -also arrested US soliders -marines occupy veracruz and refuse to leave while Huerta remained in power (1914) -general pershing and 15000 soldiers sent to mexico to capture villa -power is lost in mexico causing new leader who create a gov friendly to the US -wilson

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Venezuela

answer

-britain and germany blockage of coastline because of leader refusing to repay loans -US provokes Monroe Doctrince to try to maintain boarders (1985) -US sends battleship, insists arbitration and sends Germany ultimatiums to mediate conflict (1902-1903) -eventually loans are payed back -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Nicaragua

answer

-sent marines because of disturbances -became bankrupt to protect gov -2000 ,arines sent to support President Aldolfo Diaz's govt and put down revolt (1911) -set stage for marines being there until 1993 -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Philippines

answer

-stepping stone to china -trade with chiniese -U.S won it and payed 20 mill in treaty of paris -it use to be controled by Spain today it is independent

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How did the Roosevelt Corollary shape US actions in Latin America?

answer

US would now use force to protect econ interest in la

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following American Samoa

answer

made it a territory

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following: Philippines

answer

treaty of paris

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Monroe Doctrine:

answer

A policy of US opposition to any Euro interference (NO ONE SHOULD COME TO US AND TRY AND TAKE BACK THEIR LAND)

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Josiah Strong

answer

preached the saving power of Protestant religious values. He is best known for his book, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, in which he urged Anglo-Saxons to "civilize and Christianize" the American West. Strong called for Anglo-Saxons to spread their superior institutions and values to "inferior races" in the American West. Civilizing "savages," he said, would be both good for the uncivilized peoples and for the American economy. Many of those in favor of global expansion in the late nineteenth century found inspiration in this work

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What were the three causes of the Spanish-American war?

answer

1. Yellow journalism 2. De Lome letter 3. U.S.S. Maine blew up

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Sanford Dole

answer

aided in american expansion in hawaii and the fall of the hawaiin govt. by becoming head of the Hawaiian government after the Queen was overthrown. He refused to surrender his power to President Cleveland head of new gov

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John Stevens

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Ambassador who help rebels order US marines, protectorate over Hawaii ENCOURAGED the Revolution to help overthrow the queen

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President Cleveland

answer

Involved in the annexation of Hawaii... - he directed that the queen be restored to her thrown - recognized the Republic of Hawaii formally after Dole refused to give up

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Teller Ammendment

answer

denied any american intention to annex Cuba

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Rough Riders

answer

cowboys and others lead by TR because of disease that killed 5000 troops (volunteers)

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General Weyler

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-known as the butcher from spain - tried to crush the cuban revolt by using re concentration camps

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open door

answer

american policy of seeking equal trade and investment opportunities in foreign nations

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John Hay

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secretary of state, put together open door policy

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Dollar Diplomacy

answer

private investment in other nations to promote american diplomatic goals and business interest.

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Roosevelt Corollary

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gave US authority to intervene in affairs with latin america

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San Juan Hill

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- part of Span-American War -Victory for America -Infantry attack using Rough Riders and the two A.A. regiments (Ninth and Tenth Cavalries)

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Isolationism

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Loner Avoid war

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Collective Security

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Avoid and Prevent war Team Player

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International Intervention

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World Policemen Cause war

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Imperialism Foreign Policy

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World Bully cause war

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Peal Harbor

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This part of Hawaii was used as a naval base for the U.S military after American planters who were facing competitions with Hawaiian sugar growers had asked for the U.S to take the opposing island so that they would not have to face the charges of duty

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Hawaiian Annexation

answer

- The Queen wanted to change the Constitution taking back power for the ruling monarch. - The U.S. needed a place to refuel ships on their way back and forth to Asia; a strategic location in the Pacific. -President Cleveland was president of the U.S. at the time of the overthrow but would not agree to annexation. He did not believe the U.S. had a right to interfere with Hawaii's affairs. -President McKinley He was president of the U.S. and approved of annexing Hawaii.

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Spanish American War

answer

results: We became a WORLD POWER and the U.S. got Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines

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Admiral George Dewey

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the leader of the American Navy in the Pacific who gave the command to start firing in the PHILIPPINES his victory was a success and they got the land in the Philippines

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General John J. Pershing

answer

ordered by Wilson to capture Villa for all his crimes (killings of American in in mines and invasion in New Mexico)

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Francisco Villa

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-leaders of rebels against Carranza's government -killed Americans -pretended to want friendship w America, however, when Wilson recognized Carranza's government Villa started killing Americans ( 2 occasions)

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Emiliano Zapata

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- wanted land reform - leaders of rebels against Carranza's government

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General Victoriano Huerta

answer

murdered Madero Government was not recognized by Wilson because he rose to power through VIOLENCE gov collapsed

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Francisco Madero

answer

over threw Diaz made promises for democratic reforms but was not able to satisfy was taken over by Huerta murdered by Huerta

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Porfirio Diaz

answer

ruled Mexico for years and was overthrown by Madero

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Venustiano Carranza

answer

Leader who became president after Huerta Wilson recognized his gov. and withdrew the troops

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Manifest Destiny

answer

The U.S.'s mission and right to expand throughout the N. American continent

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McKinley Tariff

answer

eliminated that duty-free status from Hawaii (PUT A TAX ON THE SUGAR)

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James Blount

answer

produced the Blount Report also known as a popular name given to the part of the 1893 United States House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Convincing America to go to War w Spain: (6 STEPS)

answer

1.Land 2. Villain 3. Enrage the Public (DeLome Letter) 4. Tragic Incident (USS Maine) 5. Fear 6. Make it Quick and Win

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Jingoism

answer

American nationalism practiced through an extreme foreign policy - belief that a nation is ALWAYS right, for example, jingoist people would think: "we are right" on their way to war

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The Battle of Manila Bay

answer

-Spanish had outdated and weak fleets -America had nice fleets -America fired and Spanish surrendered

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US interests in cuba:

answer

resources, location, and cuba libre policy and effect on US intervention -Teller Amendment (It placed a condition on the United States military's presence in Cuba.) A. US Promises not to annex cuba B. McKinley installs a U.S. gov C. Platt Ammendmant: The Platt Amendment explained the following: 1. Cuba could not make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence or allow another foreign power to gain territory in Cuba. 2. Cuba had to allow the US to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba. 3. Cuba's debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment. 4. The US would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order.

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US interests in Puerto Rico

answer

resources and location policy and effect on US intervention -Foraker Act - US defines govt and rights of P.R. -1917 Puerto Ricans gain citizenship -1917 Puerto Ricans elects 1st governor

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US interests in Philippines

answer

-spread of democracy and christianity, "rescue" from Spain, and location in pacific policy and effect on US intervention -Treaty of paris A. Philippines was purchased for $20 million B. McKinley set up a US. GOVT

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What caused the two armies to have problems

answer

disrespected their socials racial slurs -searched Philippines at gun point - no one recognized Aguinaldo's government

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How did TR prove himself for presidency?

answer

TR gained himself credibility in the Spanish American war

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Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

answer

-the commander of the Filipino forces that allied with the U.S. to eradicate Spanish control of the Philippines -1st president of Philippines He also led the Philippine-American War against U.S. resistance to Philippine independence guerilla tactics

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What is Anglo-Saxonism?

answer

the belief that English white races were better than all other races with both intellectual and physical supremacy

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What two islands was the Spanish-American war fought over?

answer

Cuba and the Philippines

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What is ethnocentrism?

answer

the belief that one's ethnic heritage is better than anyone else's

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Why did the U.S. want Cuba?

answer

it is the heart of the Caribbean

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Explain the involvement of the Philippines in the Spanish-American war.

answer

-the Philippines was under Spanish rule for 300 years and took up arms against Spain -the U.S. first assisted the independence movement and then fought to annex the Philippines

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Why did the U.S. want the Philippines?

answer

it was right off China and a convenient stepping stone to get there without establishing a base in the Eastern Hemisphere

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Describe the Boxer uprisings.

answer

-American missionaries were intent on spreading the gospel of Christianity to "heathen" in China -increased missionary activity and Western enterprise caused the formation of anti-foreign groups within China -violent outbreaks resulted, culminating in the Boxer uprising boxers weren't sure if they wanted WESTERNIZATION AND RAILROADS

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What did the Monroe Doctrine establish?

answer

was a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the American continent in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

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Name something Theodore Roosevelt pioneered.

answer

expansionism

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What battle transformed Roosevelt into a war hero?

answer

The Battle of San Juan Hill

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How did the U.S. finally acquire the Philippines?

answer

with the Treaty of Paris 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam in exchange for $20 million from the U.S.

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What was Queen Liliuokalani's main goal as queen?

answer

to institute a new constitution to restore power to Hawaiian people by making only Hawaiians eligible to vote

question

Big Stick Diplomacy

answer

The Panama Canal was only the first step in Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy. Roosevelt further angered Latin Americans by adding his own interpretation to the Monroe Doctrine (the famous 1823 U.S. policy statement that warned European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere affairs). Roosevelt's action was prompted when Venezuela and the Dominican Republic both defaulted on loans and several European nations sent warships to collect the debts by force.

question

PANAMA CANAL and what was the HAY BUNAU VARILLA TREATY

answer

Roosevelt immediately recognized Panama's independence and sent Secretary of State John Hay to sign the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, which relinquished ownership of the canal lands to the United States. this canal cut down a travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Roosevelt struck a deal with rebels who were dissatisfied with Colombian rule, offering them independence and American protection in exchange for land to build the canal.

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Big Stick Diplomacy Part 2

answer

Roosevelt, not one to shy away from responsibility or wait around for the action to start, immediately set to work. Unlike his predecessor, Roosevelt believed that the United States should always be prepared to fight. He applied his favorite proverb to the country: "Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far," and bolstered the U.S. Army and Navy. Roosevelt's so-called Big Stick Diplomacy soon became synonymous with imperialism and aggressiveness, as his policy often took advantage of smaller and weaker nations.

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John Hay

answer

- President McKinley's secretary of state; drafted Open Door Notes requesting that world powers respect free trade in Asia and China's territorial status

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Theodore Roosevelt

answer

- 26th U.S. president; took office after McKinley's assassination; adopted aggressive foreign policy and asserted American influence and power in the Western Hemisphere

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treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

answer

ended mexican-american war us get texas and rio grande border paid 15 million for california and mexico

question

Mexican War

answer

The Mexican-American War marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. When the dust cleared, Mexico had lost about one-third of its territory, including nearly all of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. The Mexican-American war was caused by the unresolved border dispute between Texas and Mexico after the United States had annexed Texas. There were several major battles in it; one of the most famous was The Alamo.

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What is the Tampico incident?

answer

The Tampico affair began as a minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican land forces loyal to General Victoriano Huerta during the guerra de las facciones phase of the Mexican Revolution.

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What were the results of the Spanish American War?

answer

We became a WORLD POWER and the U.S. got Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines

question

Big Stick Diplomacy

answer

Roosevelt said the U.S. would, "Speak softly but carry a big stick."

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Roosevelt Corollary

answer

The U.S. has the right to get involved in countries...kind of POLICE the world.

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Treaty of Portsmouth

answer

The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. NEGOTIATION that TR helped the two countries make

question

Russian Japanese war 1904-1905

answer

Japanese attacked port Arthur in attempt to drive Russians out - maintained a long siege of port Arthur (jan 1904-dec 1905) April 1904 - russian armies heavily defeated along border between Manchuria and Korea Feb/March 1905 - russia suffered major defeat in Mukden - 90,000 killed/wounded - forced to abandon town May 1905- 24 out of 27 russian ships sunk off Coast of japan in 90 minutes after ships spent 7 months sailing to japan Result: Russia surrendered lease on Port Arthur after peace conference arranged

question

Reasons why Russia went to war

answer

Industrialists saw opportunities in Far East Control of Pacific Ocean offered security Cavalry officers keen to show off abilities Nicholas disliked Japanese Russia suffering economic depression with strikes ; uprisings - war chance to bring about patriotism Plehve (minister internal affairs 1902-04) believed a short swift war would distract masses from political Q's

question

Results of defeat for Russia

answer

Defeat increased internal unrest & provoked shame & anger Humiliation - 1st in modern history an eastern country had defeated russia Press reports increased politicsl opposition to Tsardom Plehve assassinated by SR's (1904) Zemstva demands for National Assembly Economic problems - food/fuel shortages in cities. Prices rose Factories closed - mass unemployment Wartime discontent led to 1905 revolution (st Petersburg)

question

Jones Act of 1916

answer

declared the American intention to grant independence to the Philippine Islands, which the United States had acquired as a territory after the Spanish-American War.

question

Anti-Imperialist League

answer

The American Anti-Imperialist League was an organization established to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area.

question

to justify their policies, the new american expanionists of the late 1800s ofered all of the folowing reasons except:

answer

STRONG NATIONS were destined by natural law to dominate weak ones the u.s. should try to create a community of nations t guarantee world peace a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation and colonies would serve as bases for sucha a navy the us had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less civilized peoples B

question

the US has a long history of believing it has a mission to

answer

promote the institutions of a free and democratic society

question

Hawaii was annexed to the US when..

answer

... a joint resolution was passed by congress at the beginning of the Spanish - American war

question

Great White Fleet

answer

was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe by order of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts.

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Bay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

answer

The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was a treaty by the United States and Panama, which established the Panama Canal Zone and the subsequent construction of the Panama Canal.

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Spheres of Influence

answer

areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

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"Gentlemen's Agreement"

answer

was an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the United States of America would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S.

question

TR

answer

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

question

Algeciras Conference

answer

international conference of the great European powers and the United States, held at Algeciras, Spain, to discuss France's relationship to the government of Morocco. The conference climaxed the First Moroccan Crisis

question

what was the gentlemen's agreement

answer

The Gentlemen's Agreement between the United States and Japan in 1907-1908 represented an effort by President Theodore Roosevelt to calm growing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. A treaty with Japan in 1894 had assured free immigration, but as the number of Japanese workers in California increased, they were met with growing hostility.

question

William Jennings Bryan

answer

Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson.

question

Conciliation Treaties

answer

Secretary Bryan negotiated 29 treaties w/ other nations saying that they would submit disputes to int'l commissions for conciliation not arbitration also included a cooling off period of one year before war. Showed idealism of Wilson administration, no real practical effect.

question

Wilson and Mexico:

answer

Wilson refused to recognize the Mexican dictator Victoriano Huerta and aided his rivals Venustiano Carranza and "Pancho" Villa. Huerta gov. arrested several Americans at Tampico and US forces occupied Veracruz, which both sides condemned. Huerta was deposed and replaced by Carranza who Wilson reluctantly supported. Villa turned against Carranza and began killing Americans. US military under General Pershing occupies Mexico but can't get Villa, stays and Carranza gov. demands withdrawal, which Wilson does after several skirmishes in 1917.

question

Puerto Rican Citizenship

answer

It dates back to 1917, when Woodrow Wilson signed the Jones-Shafroth Act as passed by the US Congress: In 1917, the US Congress passed the Jones-Shafroth Act, popularly called the Jones Act, which granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship.

question

Lodge Corollary

answer

was a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge forbidding any foreign power or foreign interest of any kind from acquiring sufficient territory in the Western Hemisphere so as to put that government in "practical power of control". As Lodge argued, the corollary reaffirmed the basic right of nations to provide for their safety, extending the principles behind the Monroe Doctrine beyond colonialism to include corporate territorial acquisitions as well.

question

George Goethals

answer

Built, designed, and opened Panama Canal

question

Wilson's Moral Diplomacy

answer

America had a moral responsibility to oppose hostile governments that were undemocratic or bad to their people

question

Dollar Diplomacy

answer

was by Taft - this was an aggressive foreign policy this was made to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.

question

what ends the open door policy

answer

Taft's attempt to build rail roads in china which alienated japan

question

The big stick diplomacy...

answer

was done to try and promote peace The theory is that leaders strive for peace while also keeping other nations aware of its military power.

US 2A Ch 18 Imperialism – Flashcards

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