Urology - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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The meatus of the urethra is a/an:

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Opening

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The inability to voluntarily retain urine is:

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incontinence

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Drugs such as tolterodine (Detrol) that decrease the contractions of smooth muscle are helpful in treating:

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overactive bladder

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Which of the following is an x-ray of the urinary system that uses contrast dye?

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IVP

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A nephropexy is done to correct:

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nephroptosis

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Which finding in a urinalysis would indicate the presence of a urinary tract infection?

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pyuria

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The plural of glomerulus is:

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glomeruli

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If a patient is taking a diuretic drug such as Lasix, it will be necessary to replace the potassium lost in the urine with the medication:

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K-Dur

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Mr. Jones has a large kidney stone that is obstructing the flow of urine, resulting in backup of urine in the ureter and into the kidney. This is known as:

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hydroureter

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The condition ____________ may be found in a diabetic patient who metabolizes fats instead of glucose for energy.

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ketonuria

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Which of the following is true about a renal scan?

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All of the above

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Stress ____________ occurs in a woman when she laughs, coughs, or sneezes, causing her to involuntary pass some urine.

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incontinence

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Which would be a normal finding in a urinalysis?

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creatinine

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Which is a radiologic procedure in which x-rays are taken as the patient urinates and expels a contrast dye that was previously inserted into the bladder?

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voiding cystourethrography

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The urinary catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to remain for a period of time is a:

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Foley catheter

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n ongoing life-saving procedure that is used to treat ESRD is:

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hemodialysis

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Which are examples of drugs that would be prescribed to treat a urinary tract infection?

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Macrobid and Gantrisin

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A person with uremia would have a higher-than-normal level for which of these laboratory tests?

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BUN

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Which is the cancer of the kidney that is found in children?

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A & C

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In addition to creating and excreting urine to rid the body of wastes, the kidney also influences:

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All of the above

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Two combining forms that mean bladder are cyst/o- and:

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vesic/o-

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In which renal disease do substances from the immune response to streptococcus bacteria collect in the capillary network of the nephron?

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glomerulonephritis

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A urinometer or a refractometer is used to measure the ____________ of urine.

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Specific gravity

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Epispadias or hypospadias is corrected surgically with a:

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urethroplasty

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What is the indentation where the renal artery enters and the renal vein and ureter exit the kidney?

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hilum

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What tube connects the bladder to the outside of the body?

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urethra

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Which is the area of the kidney that includes the cortex and medulla?

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parenchyma

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Which process involves contractions of smooth muscle that propel urine through the ureter?

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peristalsis

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Which word means pertaining to the bladder?

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vesical

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A kidney stone is also called a/an:

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calculus

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Damage to the pores of the glomeruli that allows large amounts of albumin to leak into the urine, decreasing the amount of protein in the blood, is known as:

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nephrotic syndrome

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The abbreviation ARF means

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acute renal failure.

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An excessive amount of urea in the blood because of renal failure is known as:

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uremia

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Which is another name for nephroblastoma?

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Wilms' tumor

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A hernia in which the bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum is known as:

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cystocele

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The formation of an abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina is known as:

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a vesicovaginal fistula

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Which is a congenital condition in which the female urethral meatus is incorrectly located near the clitoris or the male urethral meatus is incorrectly located on the upper surface of the shaft of the penis?

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epispadias

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Involuntary urination during sleep is known as:

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enuresis

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Absence of urine production by the kidney is known as:

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Anuria

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Difficult or painful urination is known as:

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dysuria

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Blood in the urine is known as:

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hematuria

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Glucose in the urine is known as

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glycosuria

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A decreased amount of potassium in the blood due to a diuretic drug is known as

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hypokalemia

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Which is a blood test that measures the amount of urea?

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BUN

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Which procedure uses sound waves to create an image of a kidney stone?

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ultrasonography

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Which type of dialysis allows the patient to be ambulatory?

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CAPD

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Which type of drug treats hypertension by blocking sodium from being absorbed from the tubule back into the blood?

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diuretic drug

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Waste products excreted by the kidney include all of the following except:

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nephron

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Which of the following is not filtered out of the blood by the glomerulus?

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Red blood cells

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Which of the following words does not refer to the process of eliminating urine from the body?

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reabsorption

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Enlargement of the kidney due to constant pressure from backed up urine is called:

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hydronephrosis

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Inflammation and infection of the pelves of the kidneys is known as:

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pyelonephritis

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Which of the following is not true regarding chronic renal failure?

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It develops rapidly, sometimes due to trauma.

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Which type of renal cancer occurs in children and arises from residual embryonic or fetal tissue?

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Wilms' tumor

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Which procedure uses x-rays to create multiple images as "slices" through the kidney?

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nephrotomography

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Which of the following is a dipstick test of the urine that gives an immediate result indicating if the patient has a urinary tract infection?

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leukocyte esterase

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If the blood pressure decreases, the kidneys produce:

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concentrated urine with less water in it

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Congenital means

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present at birth

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Which is a flexible tube to drain urine that is inserted through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone?

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suprapubic catheter

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In which of the following does a nurse measure the amount of urine produced by the body and the amount of fluid taken in by a patient?

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I&O

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Which surgical procedures remove a severely damaged kidney from a patient with end-stage kidney failure and insert a new kidney from a donor?

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nephrectomy, transplantation

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Which word means the functional area of the kidney that contains many nephrons?

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parenchyma

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Which is the correct order for the process of producing urine?

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filtration, collection of filtrate, reabsorption, excretion of urine

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Which is a common passageway that collects urine from many nephrons?

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minor calix

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E. coli is the most common cause of:

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urinary tract infections.

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The functional unit of the kidney is known as the:

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nephron

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Hydroureter is most often caused by a:

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kidney stone

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Placing a tube into the bladder in order to drain the urine is called:

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catheterization

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For a patient in end-stage renal failure, what are two things that can take the place of the nonfunctioning kidneys?

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hemodialysis or renal transplantation

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Another name for a KUB is a:

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flat plate of the abdomen.

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Involuntarily passing urine while sneezing, coughing, or laughing is called:

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stress incontinence.

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A patient with hematuria would have ____________ in the urine.

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blood

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A urine culture and sensitivity is done to identify the:

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B and C

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A small area behind the abdominal cavity that is filled with fatty tissues around the kidney is known as the:

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retroperitoneal space.

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An empty bladder collapses into folds called:

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rugae

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The pH of the urine is related to the:

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acidity or alkalinity

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Cystoscopy is a procedure to visualize the:

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Bladder

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Both combining forms ren/o- and nephr/o- mean:

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Kidney

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The suffix -scope means:

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Instrument used to examine

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All of these are laboratory tests performed on a urine specimen except:

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CAPD

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The word pyelonephritis can be separated into these types of word parts:

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combining form, combining form, and suffix.

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A urinometer is a/an:

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measuring device

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Which of the following is a disease that affects the kidneys?

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ESRD

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The combining form alkal/o- means

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Base (HIGH PH)

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In the medical word calculogenesis, the combining form calcul/o- means

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Stone

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The combining form cali/o- means:

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Calix

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The word flank is most closely associated with which urinary structure?

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kidney

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Which of the following is not one of the definitions for the combining form cyst/o-?

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Urine

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A drug screening test performed on a urine sample can detect the presence of:

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All of the above

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The combining form excret/o- means

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removing from the body.

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The combining form glomerul/o- means:

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glomerulus

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The combining form micturi/o- means

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Making urine

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The combining form olig/o- means:

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scanty; few

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The combining form pyel/o- means:

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renal pelvis

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A bladder neck suspension surgery is performed to treat:

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stress urinary incontinence

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The combining form spad/o- means:

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Tear, opening

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The suffix -tripsy means:

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process of crushing.

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The combining form urethr/o- means:

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urethra

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The combining form urin/o- means:

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urine; urinary system.

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The combining form vesic/o- means

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bladder; fluid-filled sac.

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Select the correct spelling for the word that is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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Urethra

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Which finding in a urinalysis would indicate the presence of a urinary tract infection?

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WBC

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Which of the following statements is false?

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The treatment for polycystic kidney disease is a diuretic drug.

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Which procedure uses a special solution and a machine to take the place of the kidneys in cleansing the blood of wastes?

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hemodialysis

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Another name for albuminuria is:

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proteinuria

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After the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule, it enters the:

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nephron loop

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Which word parts do you need to build a medical word that means process of cutting or making an incision into the kidney to remove a stone?

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-tomy, nephr/o-, lith/o-

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Which word parts do you need to build a medical word that means abnormal condition of the glomerulus with hardness?

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-osis, glomerul/o-, scler/o-

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All of the following are laboratory procedures, except:

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CCPD

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All of the following are associated with a urinalysis, except:

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BUN

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Which of the following words or phrases is misspelled?

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nephrolithisis

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Which of the following words is misspelled?

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neproblastoma

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The ____________ extends from the kidney to the bladder.

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ureter

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The kidneys are located in the ____________

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retroperitoneal space

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The combining form that means bladder is ____________.

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cyst/o-

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Which of the following statements is false?

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Lithotripsy involves the surgical removal of a kidney.

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Which of the following is used to drain urine from the bladder?

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catheter

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The first presenting sign of bladder cancer may be ____________.

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hematuria

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All of the following are symptoms or signs of a kidney stone passing out of the body except ____________.

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Fever

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A finding of albuminuria means there is ____________ in the urine.

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Protein

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All of the following minerals can be present as crystals in kidney stones except ____________

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Iron

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The medical condition of having kidney stones in the urinary system is known as ____________

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nephrolithiasis

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A surgical procedure using a cystoscope and an instrument with interwoven wires to grasp and remove a calculus is known as ____________ basketing.

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Stone

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The word for urinary frequency and increased voluntary urination at night is called ____________

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Nocturia

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The state of having a kidney stone is known as ____________.

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nephrolithiasis

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A diagnostic procedure done by inserting an instrument through the urethra to view the bladder is called a/an ____________.

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cystoscopy

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The absence of the production of urine is called ____________.

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anuria

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A bacterial infection that involves the renal pelvis as well the kidney is known as ____________

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pyelonephritis

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Uremic ____________ occurs when excess urea is excreted through the sweat glands, creating a white, powdery deposit on the skin.

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Frost

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The words micturition and voiding both mean the process of ____________.

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Urination

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The word ____________ is used to describe painful or difficult urination.

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Dysuria

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Because Mary was donating her left kidney to her twin sister, she was prepared for the surgery called a/an ____________.

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nephrectomy

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The ____________ is a 12-inch tube that extends from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder. There are two of them in every person.

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ureter

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The wall of the ureter contracts to propel urine into the bladder in a process known as ____________

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peristalsis

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When the bladder is empty, the mucosa collapses into folds called ____________

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rugae

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______________ is scanty urine production due to kidney failure.

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Oliguria

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If the pH of the blood decreases, this causes ____________ to be reabsorbed from the tubules, to increase the pH of the blood.

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bicarbonate

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____________ is a renal complication that develops following an acute infection with streptococcus bacteria or with viruses.

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Glomerulonephritis

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In the word nephrolithiasis, the combining form lith/o- means ____________.

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Stone

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____________ means condition of blood in the urine.

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Hematuria

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The ____________ is an indentation in the medial surface of the kidney.

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Hilum

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The renal ____________ is the layer of tissue just beneath the renal capsule

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Cortex

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The ____________ is a reservoir for storing urine.

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Bladder

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The ____________ is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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Urethra

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In men, as the urethra leaves the bladder, it travels though the ____________ gland at the base of the bladder.

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Prostate

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The GU system means the ____________ system.

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genitourinary

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The ____________, a microscopic structure, is the functional unit of the kidney and the site of urine production.

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Nephron

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If the number of red blood cells decreases, the kidneys secrete the hormone ____________ to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.

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erythropoietin

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____________ is a general word for any disease process involving the kidney

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Nephropathy

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Different types of the same procedure that takes the place of the kidneys and cleanses the blood are collectively all known as ____________.

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dialysis

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A ____________ is a flexible tube used in urinary procedures.

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catheter

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____________ is a medical or surgical procedure that uses sound waves to break up a kidney stone.

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Lithotripsy

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The ____________ ____________ sits like a cap on top of the kidney.

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adrenal gland

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The prefix poly- in polycystic kidney disease means much or ____________

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Many

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Anuria is the opposite of the medical word____________, which means condition of much urine.

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polyuria

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The study of the anatomy and physiology of the urine system plus related diseases and procedures is known as ____________.

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Urology

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The plural form of glomerulus is ____________.

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glomeruli

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The plural form of kidney is ____________

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Kindneys

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The adjective form of ureter is ____________

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ureteral

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Cystitis is an infection of the ____________

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Bladder

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