question

dialysis

answer

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly.

question

dia

answer

through, across

question

-lysis

answer

separation; destruction; loosening

question

electrolytes

answer

Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)

question

electr/o

answer

electricity

question

metabolism

answer

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

question

meta-

answer

change, beyond

question

-ism

answer

condition

question

pH

answer

Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

question

urologist

answer

Physician who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female and the male urinary system.

question

incontinence

answer

overactive bladder

question

in-

answer

in; not

question

-continence

answer

to hold back

question

urogynecologist

answer

Urologist that specializes in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system

question

pediatric urologist

answer

Urologist that specializes in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children.

question

nephrology

answer

Is a sub specialty or branch of internal medicine.

question

nephr/o

answer

kidney

question

-logy

answer

study of

question

CKD

answer

chronic kidney disease

question

PKD

answer

polycystic kidney disease

question

acute renal failure

answer

Sudden and often temporary loss of kidney function.

question

kidney stones

answer

or renal calculi, are small, hard ''rocks'' that form when chemicals in urine become so concentrated they form solid crystals.

question

high blood pressure

answer

hypertension

question

urinary system primary function

answer

remove waste products of metabolism from the blood by excreting them in the urine

question

Organs of the urinary system

answer

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

question

important functions of the kidneys

answer

regulating the body's tissue fluid and maintaining a balance of electrolytes and an acid-base balance in the blood

question

cyst/o

answer

bladder

question

-scopy

answer

visual examination

question

cystoscopy

answer

visual examination of the bladder

question

vesic/o

answer

bladder

question

-cele

answer

hernia, swelling

question

vesicocele

answer

a small blisterlike elevation of the skin containing clear fluid

question

glomerul/o

answer

glomerulus

question

-pathy

answer

disease

question

glomerulopathy

answer

any disease, especially any noninflammatory disease, of the renal glomeruli

question

meta/o

answer

opening meatus

question

-us

answer

condition, structure

question

meatus

answer

an opening or passage, especially one leading to the body surface

question

hydr/o

answer

water

question

-osis

answer

abnormal condition (used primarily with blood cells)

question

hydronephrosis

answer

accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction, forming a cyst

question

ren/o

answer

kidney

question

renal

answer

pertaining to the kidney; called also nephric

question

-al

answer

pertaining to

question

pyel/o

answer

renal pelvis

question

-plasty

answer

surgical repair

question

pyeloplasty

answer

Surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis and ureter to correct an obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction.

question

ur/o

answer

urine, urinary tract

question

-emia

answer

blood condition

question

uremia

answer

Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, also called azotemia.

question

urin/o

answer

urine, urinary tract

question

-ary

answer

pertaining to

question

urinary

answer

pertaining to urine - containing or secreting urine

question

ARF

answer

acute renal failure

question

ESRD

answer

end-stage renal disease

question

What is normal systolic bp

answer

upper (less than 120)

question

What is normal diastolic bp

answer

lower (less than 80)

question

What does bp stand for?

answer

blood pressure

question

hypertension

answer

high blood pressure

question

AHA recommendation for healthy blood pressure

answer

less than 120 / less than 80

question

hyper-

answer

excessive, above normal

question

-tension

answer

to stretch

question

hydr/o-

answer

water

question

ureter/o

answer

ureter

question

-sis

answer

state of; condition

question

-stenosis

answer

narrowing, stricture

question

ureterostenosis

answer

Stricture of a ureter.

question

azot-

answer

nitrogenous compounds

question

azotemia

answer

an excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.

question

-iasis

answer

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

question

lith

answer

stone, calculus

question

lithiasis

answer

a condition marked by formation of calculi and concretions.

question

dia-

answer

through, across

question

nephropathy

answer

any disease of the kidneys

question

-pexy

answer

fixation (of an organ)

question

nephropexy

answer

surgical fixation of a floating or hypermobile kidney

question

-ptosis

answer

prolapse, downward displacement

question

nephroptosis

answer

downward displacement of a kidney, usually found in young adult women, especially those who are thin and long-waisted; it can occur when kidney supports are weakened by a sudden strain or blow, or are congenitally defective

question

-tripsy

answer

crushing

question

lith/o

answer

stone, calculus

question

-uria

answer

urine

question

olig

answer

scarity

question

oliguria

answer

diminished urine secretion in relation to fluid intake

question

an-

answer

without, not

question

poly-

answer

many, much

question

anuria

answer

complete suppression of urine formation by the kidney

question

polyuria

answer

excessive excretion of urine, such as with diabetes mellitus

question

supra-

answer

above, excessive, superior

question

ren

answer

kidney

question

suprarenal

answer

pertaining to one of the small glands just above each kidney

question

azorturia

answer

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

question

azol

answer

nitrogenous compounds

question

cystocele

answer

bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina

question

diuresis

answer

increased formation and secretion of urine

question

di-

answer

double

question

ur

answer

urine

question

-esis

answer

condition

question

dysuria

answer

painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis

question

dys-

answer

bad; painful; difficult

question

edema

answer

abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

question

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

answer

Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF).

question

CRF

answer

chronic renal failure

question

enuresis

answer

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis.

question

en-

answer

in, within

question

hypospadias

answer

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis.

question

hyp/o

answer

under, below, deficient

question

-spadias

answer

slit, fissure

question

interstitial nephritis

answer

Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

question

-itis

answer

inflammation

question

nephrolithiasis

answer

Formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify

question

renal hypertension

answer

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

question

urinary tract infection

answer

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream.

question

UTI

answer

urinary tract infection

question

blood urea nitrogen

answer

Lab test that measures the amt of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filer urea from the blood from excretion in urine.

question

BUN

answer

blood urea nitrogen

question

C&S

answer

culture & sensitivity

question

culture & sensitivity

answer

Lab test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

question

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

answer

Radiographic exam to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

question

KUB

answer

kidneys, ureters, bladder

question

pyelography

answer

Radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent.

question

-graphy

answer

process of recording

question

intravenous pyelography

answer

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract.

question

retrograde pyelography (RP)

answer

Radiographc imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detail visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction.

question

RP

answer

retrograde pyelography

question

IVP

answer

intravenous pyelography

question

renal scan

answer

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates int he kidney.

question

urinalysis (UA)

answer

Physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine

question

UA

answer

urinalysis

question

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

answer

Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium.

question

VCUG

answer

voiding cystourethrography

question

catheterization

answer

Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine.

question

lithotripsy

answer

Method of removing stones b crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine.

question

extracorporeal

answer

Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

question

extra-

answer

outside

question

corpor

answer

body

question

-eal

answer

pertaining to

question

litho/

answer

stone, calculus

question

nephroloithotomy

answer

Surgical procedure that involves a small incision int he skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus.

question

-tomy

answer

incision

question

rental transplantation

answer

Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage disease; also called kidney transplantation

question

ureteral stent

answer

Insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney.

question

antibiotics

answer

Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic process.

question

antispasmodics

answer

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder.

question

diuretics

answer

Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted int he urine (causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema).

question

hydroenphrosis

answer

An excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction of a ureter.

question

hydroureter

answer

distention of the ureter with fluid, due to obstruction.

question

calculus

answer

an abnormal concretion, usually composed of mineral salts, occurring within the body, chiefly in hollow organs or their passages.

question

hemodialysis

answer

involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities.

question

Peritoneal dialysis

answer

Involves introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter.

question

azoturia

answer

an excess of urea or other nitrogen compounds in the urine.

question

retrograde pyelography

answer

pyelography in which contrast material is injected into the ureters from an endoscope in the bladder.

question

cysto

answer

cystoscopy

question

ESWL

answer

extracorporeal shock-waves lithotripsy

question

TURP

answer

transurethral resection of the prostate

question

US

answer

ultrasound, ultrasonography

question

WBC, wbc

answer

white blood cell

question

cholecystectomy

answer

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

question

choledocholithiasis

answer

the occurrence of calculi (see cholelithiasis) in the common bile duct.

question

cholelithiasis

answer

the presence or formation of gallstones; they may be either in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis) or in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis)

question

hematuria

answer

the discharge of blood in the urine, making the urine either slightly blood-tinged, grossly bloody, or a smoky brown color.

question

nocturia

answer

Purposeful urination at night, after waking from sleep; typically caused by nocturnal urine volume in excess of bladder capacity or incomplete emptying of the bladder because of lower urinary tract obstruction or detrusor instability.

question

urinary system

answer

Responsible for producing, storing, and excreting urine.

question

What does the ureters transport?

answer

urine

question

What are the units of function in the kidney?

answer

The nephrons

question

What are nephrons composed of?

answer

glomerulus

question

Which organ is bean-shaped?

answer

The kidney

question

The kidney is separated into 3 areas or regions, what are they?

answer

the cortex, the medulla, and the renal pelvis

question

urinalysis

answer

diagnostic physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of a urine sample (specimen)

question

acute glomerulonephritis

answer

inflammation and swelling of the glomeruli of the kidneys.

question

chronic glomerulonephritis

answer

a slowly progressive, noninfectious disease that can lead to irreversible renal damage and renal failure

question

Acute glomerulonephritis is also known as what?

answer

Bright's Disease

question

Acute glomerulonephritis affects who?

answer

children and adolescents

question

dialysis is treatment for what?

answer

renal failure

question

Nephrotic Syndrome is also know as what?

answer

protein-losing kidney

question

Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

answer

a collection of symptoms which occur because the tiny blood vessels (the glomeruli) in the kidney become leaky

question

pyelonephritis

answer

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

question

When do kidney stones form?

answer

When there is excessive uric acid or calcium in the blood.

question

When does treatment begin with kidney stones?

answer

With pain relief, small stones may pass spontaneously.

question

True or False. Large kidney stones may require surgery or lithotripsy.

answer

True

question

True of False. Infectious Cystitis and Urethritis are inflammation of the urinary bladder and urethra.

answer

True

question

What are the symptoms of infectious cystitis and urethritis?

answer

Urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and even incontinence.

question

What are the treatments for infectious cystitis and urethritis?

answer

antibiotics and urinary antiseptic therapy such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra DS) sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), and nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)

question

What are signs and symptoms of diabetic nephropathy?

answer

Urinary retention, hypertension, nausea, and protein in urine.

question

What disease is a hereditary and appears later in life?

answer

polycystic kidney disease

question

True or False. Treatment of end-stage renal disease include dialysis and/or kidney transplant.

answer

True

question

True or False. Neurogenic bladder may include difficulty emptying the bladder or urinary incontinence.

answer

True

question

True of False. Catheterization either intermittent of indwelling are not necessary for neurogenic bladder?

answer

False

question

With stress incontinence does the patient experience leakage of urine on coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, or running?

answer

Yes

question

With renal cell carcinoma , malignancy occurs in adults and is also called what?

answer

hypernephroma

question

What is a malignant tumor of the kidney in very young children called?

answer

Wilm's tumor

question

True or False. With renal cell carcinoma, the chief symptom is weight loss and pain of the flank area.

answer

True.

question

What is the most common site of malignancy of the urinary system?

answer

Carcinoma of the bladder

question

Occurs more frequently in men and persons over the age of 50, especially industrial workers exposed to dyes and leather.

answer

Carcinoma of the bladder

question

Signs and symptoms of ______ _____ _____ _____ include hematuria, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary frequency.

answer

Carcinoma of the bladder

question

What is the most common diagnostic procedure and may also be used to remove the tumor for carcinoma of the bladder?

answer

cystoscopy with biopsy

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