Unit test world history 2 – Flashcards
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Which monarch was forced to sign the Petition of Right?
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Charles I
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How did the Magna Carta change the relationship between the monarch and the people?
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It placed limits on the monarch's power.
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Which best describes the aim of the Petition of Right?
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protecting citizens
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How did the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 limit the power of the monarchy?
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It prevented monarchs from having opponents arrested.
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The Magna Carta was created during the reign of
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John.
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Which best describes the significance of William and Mary accepting Parliament's limitation on the monarchy's power?
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It affirmed Parliament's supremacy over government.
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The Magna Carta placed limits on the government and indicated that the monarch
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must obey the law.
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For which action did the Magna Carta require the monarch to obtain legislative approval?
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raising taxes
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When Louis XIV said, "I am the state," he meant that he
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had absolute power.
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Why did Peter the Great call his new capital city a "window on Europe"?
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He wanted it to reflect European culture.
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Louis XIV ruled from his lavish palace located in
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Versailles.
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The greatest accomplishment of Philip II of Spain was to
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preside over the growth of a large empire.
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The Spanish Inquisition grew out of Philip II's
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strong Roman Catholic beliefs.
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During the 1600s, England put more power in the hands of an elected parliament. What did France do?
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France put more power in the hands of its monarchy.
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Because Philip II wanted a standing army, he found it necessary to
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raise taxes.
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What did French aristocrats do in an effort to keep their privileges?
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They put more power in the hands of the king.
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What measure did Peter the Great take to westernize his court?
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He banned beards, which were a popular style at the time.
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What did Spain, France, and Russia have in common during the 1500s and 1600s?
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They all had absolute rulers who built strong, central governments.
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The Petition of Right (1628) resulted in the powers of the monarchy being
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limited.
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What did Parliament do soon after the death of Oliver Cromwell?
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Parliament restored the monarchy.
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Which of these best describes Oliver Cromwell?
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Oliver Cromwell was an enemy of the king.
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What was so "glorious" about the Glorious Revolution?
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It set a precedent for monarchs sharing power with Parliament.
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What happened to Charles I?
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He was tried and executed.
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When James II became king, many people opposed him because he was a
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Catholic
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Belief in the divine rights of kings means believing that kings are chosen by
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God.
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Of what relevance are the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights to government in the United States?
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Many of the ideas concerning separation of powers and protection of rights were implemented in the United States.
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One result of the Scientific Revolution was the ___________, which was a new way to solve problems and conduct research.
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scientific method.
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Which change occurred during the Renaissance?
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Scholars revived an interest in classical ideas.
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The geocentric theory states that the center of the universe is
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Earth.
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How did barometers advance science?
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They allowed scientists to measure pressure.
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Who developed the geocentric theory?
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Aristotle
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Why did many scientists reject the Copernican model when it was published?
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It was a radical change in people's understanding of the universe and Earth's place in it.
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Scientists in ancient Greece believed that
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everything in the world could be explained by logic and reason.
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How did French philosopher René Descartes contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
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He developed mathematical principles.
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Who proposed the heliocentric theory?
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Which statement best describes the scientific method?
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The scientific method was a new way to solve problems and do research.
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How did John Locke's beliefs differ from those of Thomas Hobbes?
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Locke believed that people are naturally reasonable, while Hobbes believed that people are naturally selfish.
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Montesquieu suggested dividing government into _______________ , legislative, and judicial powers.
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executive
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John Locke supported the separation of church and state and promoted
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religious tolerance.
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John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers emphasized ________ over religion.
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reason
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Read the quote by Thomas Hobbes from Leviathan. Law was brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men in such manner as they might not hurt, but assist one another, and join together against a common enemy. This quote helps explain the idea of
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forming governments to protect citizens.
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All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Whose ideas does this excerpt best support?
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Baron de Montesquieu
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Which Enlightenment thinker believed that citizens should rebel against a tyrannical government?
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John Locke
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Which statement best explains the role of government according to John Locke?
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Governments should respect the fundamental rights of humans.
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The clergy comprised the wealthy First Estate, with members of noble descent in particular having a great deal of power. What was the source of the clergy's wealth?
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tithes
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When the National Assembly broke off from the Estates-General, what was the assembly's intent?
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to achieve genuine government reform
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How did French support of the American Revolution increase problems for King Louis XVI?
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It accelerated the economic crisis.
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The separation of church and state was important to the French people because of the power and wealth held by the clergy. Which philosopher of the Enlightenment believed in this separation?
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Voltaire
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In an era of bad harvests, famine, and rioting, the French government took steps to improve the worsening financial crisis. What did the government do?
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The government raised taxes.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man made all French citizens equal before the law. How did this equality contrast with the ways of the Old Regime?
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The declaration abolished the three estates.
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Read the quotation from Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This latter consists of the different privileges, which some men enjoy to the prejudice of others; such as that of being more rich, more honored, more powerful or even in a position to exact obedience. In this passage, Rousseau refers to political inequality. Of the four inequalities listed here, which enabled the Old Regime to maintain power for as long as it did?
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position
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What was one advantage of being a member of the Second Estate?
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having extensive privileges
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The most likely message this painting sends to French citizens is that
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one must be prepared to sacrifice their own children to preserve France.
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What was the major reason radicals were so angry?
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Europe wanted to put Louis XVI back in power.
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Which two factions disagreed on the revolution's path?
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Jacobins and the Conservatives
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An old problem the National Assembly still faced was
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rising debt and poverty.
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After winning power, the Jacobins sought strong leadership to face overwhelming challenges by
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deciding to form the Committee of Public Safety.
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The National Convention benefited the people and the state by
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seizing all church property and giving it to the people and state.
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Why was King Louis XVI tried for treason?
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He wanted France to lose its war against Austria and have his power restored.
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A person forced to leave his or her country is
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an exile.
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Which was a result of the peace conference led by Prince Mitternich of Austria?
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Nationalism began to grow and spread.
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What was Napoleon's title when he presented France with the Napoleonic Codes?
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First Consul
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Because Napoleon supported many ideals of the Enlightenment and began instituting symbols and titles from the monarchy, historians later classified him as
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the enlightened monarch.
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For Europe, the most positive result of the Congress of Vienna was that
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the balance of power was restored.
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What is the most accurate description of Napoleon's One Hundred Days?
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Napoleon escaped from Elba, was defeated at Waterloo, and was exiled again.
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After the coup d'etat and the resignation of the Directory, one of the first things Napoleon did was to
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form a military dictatorship.
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After becoming emperor, why did Napoleon plan to conquer other countries in Europe?
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He wanted to amass as much land as possible for France.
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In what year did Napoleon crown himself emperor?
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1804
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Adding _________ facts and details to an informative essay can help make its points more precise.
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relevant
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The thesis statement should be included in the
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introduction.
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What should the draft of an informative essay include? Check all that apply.
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1,2,5
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Which best describes the conclusion of an informative essay about a turning point?
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It ties the essay together and tell readers what they have learned and should remember.
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After creating an outline for an informative essay, a student should
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write the draft
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Read the revised conclusion of an informative essay. The invention of the printing press was a turning point in history. In addition to increasing the availability of books and the spread of new ideas, it also led to significant political change and radical changes to the religion of Europe. This forever altered the course of history. Which best states why the conclusion is effective?
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It summarizes key points and restates facts.
