Question 1

A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic

Question 2

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

biopsychosocial

Question 3

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

Accepted Answer

nature versus nurture.

Question 4

Behaviorists dismissed the value of

Accepted Answer

science.

Question 5

Charles Darwin believed that behaviors, such as the emotional expressions associated with human rage, could be explained by natural selection. Which early psychologist would be most likely to agree with Darwin\'s assessment?

Accepted Answer

William James

Question 6

Clinical psychologists specialize in

Accepted Answer

providing therapy to troubled people.

Question 7

Descartes theory of how our brain controlled our reflexes involved which of the following?

Accepted Answer

brain fluid and \"animal spirits\"

Question 8

Dr. Caleigh conducts basic research on the relationship between adults\' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 9

Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Social-cultural

Question 10

Dr. Lipka is involved in an applied research study of customer satisfaction with a newly developed line of facial cosmetics and other beauty aids. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

industrial-organizational

Question 11

Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa\'s work best represent?

Accepted Answer

industrial-organizational psychology

Question 12

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children\'s moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

developmental

Question 13

Dr. Tiao conducts basic research on the effects of head injuries on people\'s problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills. Which psychological specialty does her research best represent?

Accepted Answer

biological psychology

Question 14

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Social-cultural

Question 15

Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

developmental

Question 16

Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of

Accepted Answer

healthy growth potential

Question 17

In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________.

Accepted Answer

mental life; observable behavior

Question 18

In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

Accepted Answer

mental processes

Question 19

In Wilhelm Wundt\'s experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

introspection

Question 20

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna\'s difficulties requires

Accepted Answer

biopsychosocial approach

Question 21

Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of

Accepted Answer

nature and nurture

Question 22

Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 23

Mr. Christian has designed a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see. Mr. Christian is most likely

Accepted Answer

engaged in applied research

Question 24

Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

educational

Question 25

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently exposed to external pressures to fight. Natassia\'s belief most directly exemplifies the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

behavioral

Question 26

Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children\'s susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

biopsychosocial

Question 27

The behavioral perspective is most likely to emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

observable responses

Question 28

The biological perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

blood chemistry

Question 29

The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of

Accepted Answer

multiple levels of analysis

Question 30

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

Accepted Answer

unconscious conflicts

Question 31

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 32

The ideas that most directly helped form modern empiricism were proposed by

Accepted Answer

John Locke and Francis Bacon

Question 33

The method of introspection was used by Titchener to identify

Accepted Answer

elements of sensory experience

Question 34

The self-reflective observation of one\'s own sensations and feelings is called

Accepted Answer

introspection

Question 35

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n)

Accepted Answer

psychiatrist

Question 36

The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of

Accepted Answer

structuralism

Question 37

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative contributions of heredity and experience to personality development?

Accepted Answer

biosychosocial

Question 38

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

Accepted Answer

biosychosocial

Question 39

Which perspective is most concerned with the unique ways in which individuals interpret their own life experiences?

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 40

Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?

Accepted Answer

social-cultural

Question 41

Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a \"blank slate\"?

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Question 42

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

clinical psychology

Question 43

Which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information?

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 44

Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?

Accepted Answer

Margaret Washburn

Question 45

Which statement best exemplifies contemporary psychology\'s understanding of the nature and nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

Depression is a disorder of the brain and of thought

Question 46

Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 47

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

William James

Question 48

Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 49

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as \"the scientific study of observable behavior\"?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson

Question 50

William James was a prominent American

Accepted Answer

Functionalist

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