Question 1

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

Accepted Answer

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

Question 2

Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors?

Accepted Answer

instinct

Question 3

A drive refers to

Accepted Answer

an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.

Question 4

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

a drive

Question 5

An incentive is a

Accepted Answer

positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 6

Shawn loves to snowboard. He enjoys performing aerial tricks after launching off high jumps. The higher in the air he goes and the farther he travels, the better. Which theory best explains Shawn\'s motivation to snowboard?

Accepted Answer

optimum arousal

Question 7

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electrical shocks?

Accepted Answer

arousal theory

Question 8

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

Accepted Answer

arousal theory

Question 9

Financial satisfaction is more strongly predictive of well-being in poor nations than in wealthy ones. This fact would most clearly be anticipated by

Accepted Answer

hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 10

According to Abraham Maslow, our need for belongingness must be met before our need for

Accepted Answer

esteem

Question 11

Prisoners of war placed on a semistarvation diet in which their food intake is cut in half are likely to

Accepted Answer

spend a great deal of time daydreaming about food.

Question 12

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Accepted Answer

lost interest in sex and social activities.

Question 13

In looking at the relationship between hunger and conditions of the stomach, researchers have discovered that

Accepted Answer

stomach contractions are necessary for experiencing hunger.

Question 14

Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to

Accepted Answer

cause the rat to begin eating

Question 15

Which of the following events would most likely cause an animal to overeat and become obese?

Accepted Answer

destruction of its ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 16

Inhibition of hunger is to overeating as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

destruction of the lateral hypothalamus; destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 17

Ghrelin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the

Accepted Answer

stomach

Question 18

Obestatin is a hunger-suppressing hormone secreted by

Accepted Answer

stomach

Question 19

The secretion of ghrelin ________ appetite, and the secretion of obestatin ________ appetite.

Accepted Answer

stimulates; suppresses

Question 20

Leptin, a hunger-dampening protein, is secreted by

Accepted Answer

fat cells

Question 21

The set point is

Accepted Answer

the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.

Question 22

A drop in basal metabolic rate is most likely to result from

Accepted Answer

a semistarvation diet.

Question 23

The level of serotonin in the brain is

Accepted Answer

increased by a diet high in carbohydrates.

Question 24

Studies show that people tend to eat much more in social situations, such as parties and celebrations. Which psychological principle best explains why we overeat in these situations?

Accepted Answer

social facilitation

Question 25

The ecology of eating is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

unit bias

Question 26

When encouraged to eat as much as they want, people tend to eat less if the foods are offered in smaller rather than larger portion sizes. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

unit bias

Question 27

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by

Accepted Answer

an obsessive fear of becoming obese.

Question 28

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorders are not likely to ________ following binge eating.

Accepted Answer

engage in excessive exercise

Question 29

The families of bulimia patients have a higher-than-usual incidence of

Accepted Answer

childhood obesity.

Question 30

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by

Accepted Answer

mass media standards of appearance.

Question 31

Research on obesity and weight control indicates that

Accepted Answer

once we become fat, we require less food to maintain our weight than we did to attain it.

Question 32

Researchers have observed that the incidence of obesity and diabetes among 50,000 nurses was predicted by their

Accepted Answer

TV-viewing habits.

Question 33

Which of the following suggestions would be the WORST advice for a dieter?

Accepted Answer

\"Avoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening.\"

Question 34

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that

Accepted Answer

female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception.

Question 35

The time span after orgasm during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called

Accepted Answer

the refractory period.

Question 36

Masters and Johnson\'s research suggested that the resolution phase

Accepted Answer

is a period when men are incapable of another orgasm.

Question 37

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

Accepted Answer

women\'s sexual interests are somewhat influenced by the phases of their menstrual cycles.

Question 38

Women are more likely than men to experience

Accepted Answer

fantasies of being sexually taken by a passionate lover.

Question 39

Men are more likely to experience nocturnal emissions if they

Accepted Answer

have not experienced orgasm recently.

Question 40

Which of the following is a leading cause of genital warts and cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV

Question 41

Compared with men who do not have older brothers, men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to experience

Accepted Answer

a homosexual orientation.

Question 42

Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences

Accepted Answer

originate at about the time of or even before birth.

Question 43

Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that

Accepted Answer

genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.

Question 44

If pregnant sheep are injected with ________ during a critical gestation period, their female offspring will show homosexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

testosterone

Question 45

Research has found that an animal\'s sexual orientation can be altered by

Accepted Answer

manipulations of prenatal hormone conditions.

Question 46

Differences in right- and left-handed fingerprint ridges are greater for heterosexual males than for females and gay males. Researchers have attributed this to

Accepted Answer

prenatal hormones.

Question 47

Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ________ needs.

Accepted Answer

belongingness

Question 48

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to suggest that almost all humans are genetically predisposed to

Accepted Answer

form close enduring relationships with fellow humans.

Question 49

Research has demonstrated that married people are at less risk for depression, suicide, and early death than single people. This finding suggests that

Accepted Answer

people who feel supported by close relationships experience a better quality of life.

Question 50

Our need to belong is most clearly threatened by

Accepted Answer

ostracism.

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