question

In Horatio Alger's books, the hero is successful primarily as a result of his

answer

hard work and talent

question

"The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section; To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section... Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States." The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff. During the late 19th century, western Native American life was most affected by

answer

post-Civil War migrations of whites.

question

The term vertical integration refers to

answer

control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods

question

"The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section; To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section... Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States." The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff. The primary goal of the government policy cited above was to

answer

end tribal identities

question

The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to

answer

draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor

question

Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad?

answer

Chinese and Irish

question

Although the Sherman Antitrust Act was originally intended to inhibit the growth of business monopolies, courts initially used its provisions successfully against

answer

labor unions

question

What do the names "Robber Barons" and "Captains of Industry" reveal about Americans' perceptions of industrialists during the late 1800s?

answer

These names show that some Americans approved of these men and their practices, while others condemned them

question

"The price which society pays for the law of competition... is great; but the advantages of this law are also greater... [W]hether the law be benign or not, we must say of it; It is here; we cannot evade it;... it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department."

answer

Social Darwinism

question

All of the following contributed to the rise of big business EXCEPT

answer

a. laissez-faire economic policy b. horizontal and vertical integration c. interlocking directorates **d. the Northern Securities decision of 1904** e. formation of monopolies

question

Which of the following best describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth?

answer

Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment

question

The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that

answer

relied on the use of power-driven machinery

question

"The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section; To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section... Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States." The Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 United States, Statutes at Large, 24:388 ff. Historically, struggles between American Indian tribes and the federal government have stemmed from

answer

the Constitution's failure to precisely define the relationship between American Indian tribes and the national government.

question

The federal government responded to the Pullman strike by

answer

issuing an injunction ordering the end of the strike

question

Which African American leader championed vocational training for blacks, raised funds from white philanthropists, and sought new career opportunities for blacks to improve their status in the late 19th century?

answer

Booker T. Washington

question

The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following?

answer

An increase in the money supply

question

Which of the following statements regarding the American Federation of Labor is true?

answer

It excluded unskilled workers

question

"Granger Laws" did which of the following?

answer

Allow for regulation of shipping rates

question

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them in them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." William Jennings Bryan, 1896

answer

Midwestern farmers

question

The Populist Party developed as a reaction to the growth of corporate power in agriculture and

answer

Economic instability in the farming sector.

question

Jim Crow laws were designed to

answer

Segregate blacks from whites.

question

An example of patronage would be...

answer

appointing a friend to a political position

question

The most resented form of 19th-century government corruption was in

answer

Big business

question

What is the artist's opinion of Boss Tweed?

answer

The artist doesn't like Tweed

question

The passage of the Pendleton Act was a direct result of the

answer

assassination of James A. Garfield

question

William McKinley (1897-1901)

answer

25th President: Republican, supported gold standard, protective tariff, assassinated during his second term

question

Politics and Business

answer

They remained seperate

question

Pendleton Act of 1883

answer

Fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive exams and established Civil Service Commision

question

1896 election

answer

William Jennings Bryan (Populist) lost to McKinley (Republican) the "silver issue" dominating the campaign; McKinley won, the Populists disappeared, the GOP became the party who represented the interests of the corporations and the wealthy, and a realignment occurred.

question

What reason was given by President Cleveland for intervening with federal troops in the Pullman Strike of 1894?

answer

The strike interfered with the United States' mails and interstate commerce.

question

In its decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that?

answer

Separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional.

question

Stalwarts, Half-Breeds, and Mugwumps were?

answer

Factions of the Republican party that fought over issues like civil service reform

question

The strength of the Democratic party in the Gilded Age lay with?

answer

White southerners and northern urbanites

question

Depression of 1893

answer

Profits dwindled, businesses went bankrupt and slid into debt. Caused loss of business confidence. 20% of the workforce unemployed. Let to the Pullman strike.

question

Gilded Age Politics

answer

Pro-business, weak federal government, machine politics, triumph of urban-industrial interests

question

Agrarian

answer

Concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land

question

What did Grover Cleveland think was the way to deal with the Depression of 1893-1897?

answer

Defend the gold standard and bolster government gold reserves

question

Booker T. Washington believed that the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States was to?

answer

Accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society

question

Mark Twain called the era following the Civil War the "Gilded Age" because?

answer

The glitter and flashiness of the time seemed to mask the ugliness and crass materialism that lay beneath the surface

question

Credit Mobilier

answer

A political scandal of the Grant era in which U. S. Congressmen were bribed not to investigate the illegal practices of a railroad construction company.

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

State and local laws that discriminated against African Americans by denying them access to "white-only" railroad cars, restaurants, and other public facilities

question

Mugwumps

answer

These progressive Republicans did not like the dishonest policy of the conservative Republicans and, therefore, supported Democratic candidate, Grove Cleveland, for president in the 1884 election.

question

Whiskey Ring

answer

This group of distillers bribed federal agents to avoid paying the Treasury Department millions of dollars in excise taxes.

question

Stalwarts

answer

The regular and conservative branches of the Republican party in the 1880s

question

Plessy vs. Ferguson

answer

This Supreme Court case approved of the practice of segregating public facilities provided that they were separate but equal.

question

Mark Hanna

answer

He was the Republican leader who managed President McKinley's 1896 campaign.

question

McKinley Tarriff

answer

This 1890 law was devised to cut surplus revenue and continue protection for American industries. The average duty rate of over 50% angered Latin Americans and Europeans

question

Greenback Party

answer

This group demanded the circulation of paper money and other reforms

question

Half-Breeds

answer

The more liberal faction of the Republican Party in the 1880s

question

What was the biggest reason why labor unions suffered lack of members in relation to immigrants?

answer

Due to nativism and and discrimination immigrants were not allowed to join.

question

What effect did the large number of immigrants cause to the labor force in the late 1800s?

answer

Large numbers caused a devaluing of workers cutting pay and conditions.

question

Why is the impact of political machines on society often hard to assess?

answer

While political machines were involved in corruption, they also provided necessary services to help immigrants assimilate into society.

question

Settlement Movement

answer

A reformist social movement, beginning in the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s in England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community. Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. The "settlement houses" provided services such as daycare, education, and healthcare to improve the lives of the poor in these areas.

question

Immigrants

answer

Mostly Chinese and Irish immigrants, provided cheap factory labor. Many immigrants lived in crowded and disease-ridden tenements, worked long hours, and lived in poverty.

question

Sears

answer

Richard Warren Sears was a railroad station agent, published catalogs offering customers a wider selection of products at clearly stated prices. The business grew quickly.

question

Panic of 1893

answer

Serious economic depression beginning in 1893. Began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point.

question

Thomas Edison

answer

Invented the light bulb and power plants. This led to the extension of the workday, and wider availability of electricity.

question

Mass Production

answer

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

question

Captains of Industry

answer

Owners and managers of large industrial enterprises who wielded extraordinary political and economic power

question

Robber Barons

answer

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

question

Eli Whitney

answer

Developed interchangeable parts

question

Assembly Line

answer

In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.

question

Corporate Consolidation

answer

Pro-business government with little restraints on businesses because of greater economies of scale, which led to larger and larger businesses

question

Holding Company

answer

A firm that buys up enough stocks and bonds of smaller companies to have a controlling interest.

question

Monopoly

answer

Holding companies were monopolies that had complete control of an entire industry

question

Horizontal Integration

answer

Illegal: A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth.

question

Vertical Integration

answer

Legal: Allows other companies in the same industry to compete in the marketplace. One buys all the the factors of production from raw materials to the finished product.

question

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

answer

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions. Prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade.

question

Clayton Antitrust Act

answer

New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

Capitalist: A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

question

Gospel of Wealth

answer

This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. Re-circulation of their money back into society where it could be used to support the greater good, given that they are presumed to have a penchant for management of capital.

question

Labor Unions

answer

Formed to try to counter the poor treatment of workers.

question

Haymarket Square Riot

answer

A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.

question

Samuel Gompers

answer

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

question

Settlement Houses

answer

institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people

question

Jane Addams

answer

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

question

Accomodationist

answer

Term given to Booker T. Washington's method of solving race issues--he helped blacks by promoting their economic value but not challenging white supremacy

question

Battle at Little Bighorn

answer

Sioux tribe fights the federal army for hunting down buffalo to clear paths for the transcontinental RR

question

Railroad Times

answer

Established the adoption of time zones

question

Turner or Frontier Thesis

answer

declaration that the frontier and first period of American history; the frontier shaped American character and spirit, fostered democracy, and provided a refuge for urban people and reducer of economic stress

question

Homestead Act

answer

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it for 5 years. Encouraged westward migration.

question

Morrill Land Grant Act

answer

Set aside land and provided money for agricultural colleges

question

Dawes Severalty Act

answer

Bill that promised Indians tracts of land to farm in order to assimilate them into white culture. The bill was resisted, uneffective, and disastrous to Indian tribes

question

Billion-Dollar Congress

answer

Republican congress of 1890. Gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government silver purchases, and passed McKinley Tariff Act of 1890. First billion dollar budget.

question

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

answer

dismantling of the spoils system

question

Grover Cleveland

answer

Democrat: The government governed best which governed least.

question

Republicans

answer

Occupied themselves with civil service reform: Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester A. Arthurr

question

Railroad Regulations

answer

enforced because of prices gouging; one of the first government attempts to get rid of corruption

question

Interstate Commerce Act

answer

Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

question

Susan B. Anthony

answer

social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation

question

Grange Movement

answer

A movement for social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of the railroads in the late 19th century

question

Farmer's Alliances

answer

anti-RR pools, rebates, pass Granger laws groups of farmers of those in sympathy with farming issues, whosent lectures from town to town to educate people about agriculural and rural issues,

question

Populist Party

answer

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

question

Socialists

answer

Group that believed nation's resources and industries should be owned and operated by the government on behalf of the people

question

Capitalists

answer

People who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits.

question

John D. Rockefeller

answer

Oil Industry

question

J.P. Morgan

answer

Executed Vertical Integration An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901

question

Henry Ford

answer

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

question

Joseph Ferdinand Keppler

answer

American cartoonist and caricaturist, who greatly influenced the growth of satirical cartooning in the United States.

question

Thomas Nast

answer

American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon".[1] He was the scourge of Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall political machine. Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party. Often portrayed the corruption of politicians.

question

Ellis Island

answer

Arrival, registry room, legal inspection, detainees

question

Nativism

answer

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

question

Chinese Exclusion Act

answer

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition.

question

Gentlemen's Agreement

answer

President Theodore Roosevelt informal "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the United States and Japan, whereby Japan made sure there was very little or no movement to the US. The agreement banned emigration of Japanese laborers to the US and rescinded the segregation order of the San Francisco School Board in California, which had humiliated and angered the Japanese.

Unit 6 – History Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards