Unit 5: The Great Depression and the New Deal – Flashcards
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On margin
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Buying with a small down payment and borrowing the rest of the money
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Hoovervilles
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Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression. built of anything they could find
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direct relief
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money or food given directly from the gov. to the needy
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Dust Bowl
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Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York.
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Bonus Arm
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The self-named Bonus Expeditionary Force was an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932. President and Congress refused to give them their requested $500 each, and sent army to eradicate them. Gassed the Hooverville and killed a baby. very bad for Hoover, a baby killer!
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Okies
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Unflattering name given to Oklahomans and others from the rural Midwest, especially those who left the Dust Bowl looking for better lives during the 1930s in the West, especially California
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Herbert Hoover
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U.S. president during stock market crash, who rejected the Progressive emphasis on activist government to pursue a program of minimal business regulation, low taxes, and high tariffs; encouraged businesses to regulate themselves, his belief in "rugged individualism" kept him from giving people direct relief during the Great Depression.
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Walter Waters
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Led the Bonus Army in the march on Washington
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Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929)
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On this day the stock market boom had fell out, as millions of panicky investors ordered their brokers to sell, when there were practically no buyers to be found. After that stock prices continued to go down until they finally hit bottom.
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
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Hoover's economic recovery program that provided government loans to businesses, banks, and railroads; it was "pumping priming," but it was too little ($300 million) too late to make any real improvements in the economy.
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New Deal
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The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression
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deficit spending
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practice where a government spends more money that it receives as revenue. Usually refers to the conscious effort to stimulate economic growth by lowering taxes or increasing government expenditures
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Court Packing Plan
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Because the Supreme Court was striking down New Deal legislation, Roosevelt decided to curb the power of the Court by proposing a bill to allow the president to name a new federal judge for each who did not retire by age 70 and 1/2. At the time, 6 justices were over the age limit. Would have increased the number of justices from 9 to 15, giving FDR a majority of his own appointees on the court. The court-packing bill was not passed by Congress.
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welfare state
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a government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.
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Wagner Act (1935)
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..., also called the National Labor Relations Act; guarantees laborers the right to join a union and to bargain collectively with management; labor becomes part of the New Deal coalition
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.
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Huey Long
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Frances Perkins
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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John Collier
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John Collier
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CCC (1933)
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Civilian Conservation Corps For men 18-25 $30/month; $25 automatically sent back home to family Planted trees, built roads, developed state parks, etc... Lasted until 1942
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WPA (1935)
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Works Progress Administration Largest of the New Deal relief programs Spent $13.4 billion Provided jobs in construction, employed artists, historians, writers Employed women Ended in 1943
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TVA (1933)
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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FLSA (1938)
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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Social Security (1935)
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Social Security ACT
