question

In the 1700s, the process of enclosure tended to increase

answer

Farming efficiency

question

How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increase crop yields?

answer

By increasing nutrients in the soil

question

All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain, except:

answer

The number of farmers increased

question

Which of the following was the first area to undergo major industrialization

answer

Textile production

question

By the late 1700s, the best place to find a water frame and a spinning mule was in:

answer

A factory

question

An entrepreneur is a type of:

answer

Business person

question

The system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

answer

Crop rotation

question

One of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers

answer

Enclosure

question

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

answer

Entrepreneur

question

The resources-including land, labor, and capital-that are needed to produce goods and services

answer

Factors of production

question

A large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

answer

Factory

question

The development of industries for the machine production goods

answer

Industrialization

question

The shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine

answer

Industrial revolution

question

He invented the seed drill

answer

Jethro Tull

question

What do we call those farmers who enclosed the land and began experimenting to develop more efficient farming methods?

answer

Scientific farmers

question

Who was the New England painter who first sent electrical signals over a telegraph?

answer

Samuel Morse

question

Which of the following did not improve as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

Factory working conditions

question

Which of the following did not increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

The life expectancy of the average worker

question

Which of the following did not improve as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

Preservation of the environment

question

The social class made up of skilled workers, professionals business people, and wealthy farmers

answer

Middle class

question

The growth of cities and the migration of people into them

answer

Urbanization

question

Which best describes why factories developed in clusters?

answer

Entrepreneurs built them near sources of energy, such as water or coal

question

Describe the living conditions in the slums of England's big cities

answer

Garbage all over the streets, diseases, cramped dirty living spaces, crimes

question

Describe the working conditions in the factories

answer

Long hour work days, covered in dust, dangerous machines

question

Child Labor still exists in some developing nations

answer

True

question

All of the following were effects of the Industrial Revolution on Working Conditions, except:

answer

Housing, water, and social services were scarce

question

All of the following were effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Social Classes, except:

answer

Factory owners and merchants remained in the middle class

question

All of the following were effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Size of Cities, except:

answer

Rapid growth of cities led to quick and efficient development of modern sanitation systems

question

In the United States, the Industrial Revolution began with the industrialization of the railroad industry

answer

False

question

The county of Belgium led Europe in adopting the industrial technology in Britain

answer

True

question

The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars accelerated the process of industrialization in Europe

answer

False

question

Being blockaded during the War of 1812 encouraged France to use its own resources to develop independent industries

answer

False

question

A corporation is a type of business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

answer

True

question

In the 19th century, industrialization had the effect of closing the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries

answer

False

question

Under the Meiji rulers, Turkey began to industrialize

answer

False

question

Britain encouraged its inventors to go abroad to the other countries to spread the Industrial Revolution

answer

False

question

A stock represents a right to ownership

answer

True

question

Germany's economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power

answer

True

question

Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the need resources to supply the factories of Europe, and the development of new markets around the world

answer

True

question

What were Francis Cabot Lowell and his partners famous for?

answer

Mechanizing every stage of the textile industry

question

Thousands of young single women flocked from their rural homes to work as mill girls in factory towns. What did they get our of doing so?

answer

Higher wages and independence

question

The policy of extending one country's rule over many other lands

answer

Imperialism

question

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to greater democratic participation, and thus a powerful movement for social reform

answer

There was genuine concern for the welfare of the people

question

Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?

answer

Adam Smith

question

Utilitarianism held that government policies should promote:

answer

The greater good for the greatest number of people

question

19th century socialists argued that government should:

answer

Actively plan the economy

question

With which of the following is Karl Marx most closely associated?

answer

Communism (most extreme form of socialism)

question

In the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between:

answer

employers and employees

question

When the trade union movement began in Britain, the strike was illegal action taken against:

answer

factor owners by union workers

question

Introduced the philosophy of utilitarianism, which states that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their usefulness, and therefore government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

answer

Jeremy Bentham

question

Wrote the Communist Manifesto, which explained his historically based theory that an extreme from of socialism called communism would eventually unite the working classes of all countries in revolution against the oppressive upper class

answer

Karl Marx

question

Promoted laissez-faire economics and business strategy

answer

Adam Smith

question

Socialist reformer who argued that the government should plan the economy rather than depend on free market capitalism

answer

Charles Fourier

question

Economist who studied population fluctuations and came to the conclusion that because the population grows faster than the food supply, humanity is always on the verge of starvation, and when the supply of workers becomes greater than the demand for workers, an unending cycle of poverty will occur

answer

Thomas Malthus

question

Factory owner who was disgusted by the working conditions he saw in the factories and tried to create a utopian society around his own factories, providing houses, high wages, and free schooling to his workers and their families

answer

Robert Owen

question

Economist who developed the "Iron law of Wages" which states that: Workers will never earn much more that the minimum they need to survive An increased population leads to an increased work force, which leads to low wages

answer

David Ricardo

question

The idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses

answer

Laissez-faire

question

Wage-earning laborers/ working class

answer

Proletariat

question

An economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally

answer

Communism

question

An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

answer

Socialism

question

The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

answer

Utilitarianism

question

An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money into business ventures in order to make a profit

answer

Capitalism

question

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

answer

Union

question

To refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

answer

Strike

question

Which best explains why workers bean to form unions?

answer

So that they could stand together to protect their rights

question

The Mine Act said:

answer

No women or children could work in mines

question

What country was the last to abolish slavery

answer

Brazil

question

In the United States, what is Horace Mann famous for?

answer

Promoting free public education for all children

question

What did Karl Marx believe shaped history?

answer

Economics

question

Marx believed that throughout history there was always some form of class struggle. He refered to the competing social classes as:

answer

The have and the have-nots

question

What was the name of the most famous book that Karl Marx wrote?

answer

The Communist Manifesto

question

Individuals and businesses own property and the means of production

answer

Capitalism

question

An unequal distribution of wealth and material goods is unfair. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person's need

answer

Socialism

question

Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest

answer

Capitalism

question

Employers take advantage of workers. The community or state must act to protect workers

answer

Socialism

question

Progress results when a community of producers cooperate for the good of all

answer

Socialism

question

Government should not interfere in the economy because competition creates efficiency in business

answer

Capitalism

question

Businesses follow their own self-interest by competing for the consumer's money. Each business tries to produce goods or services that are better and less expensive than those of competitors

answer

Capitalism

question

Consumers compete to buy the best goods at the lowest prices. This competition shapes the market by affecting what businesses are able to sell

answer

Capitalism

question

Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods

answer

Socialism

question

According to Adam Smith, what was the "law of self-interest"?

answer

People work for their own good

question

According to Adam Smith, what was the "law of competition"?

answer

Competition forces people to make a better product

question

According to Adam Smith, what was the "law of supply and demand"?

answer

Enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy

Unit 5 Industrial Revolution Ball – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards