Unit 2 Study Guide – Biology – Flashcards

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question
Compare the words matter and mass.
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Matter- Occupies space and mass. Mass- Amount of matter that an object has.
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Which 4 elements make up the majority of life on earth?
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.
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What is a periodic table?
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Information about the elements is summarized on a chart.
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What is an orbital?
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A three dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.
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What is an Isotope?
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Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
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Why must an atom form a chemical bond with another atom to form a compound?
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Atoms are not stable, so they tend to react with another atom in different ways to become more stable.
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Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
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Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Ionic bonds form when positive and negative atoms have electronic charges.
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How is the scientific word of "energy" different from how we use energy every day?
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Scientific energy is the ability to do work. Ours is whenever we do something, working or not.
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What happens to particles as they go through a state of change?
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Particles change through mass and matter.
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What happens in a chemical reaction?
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One or more substances change in order to produce one or more different substances.
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Identify the products of reactants in CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
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Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbonic Acid
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What does enzyme have to do with activation energy?
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Enzymes act as catalysts.
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What happens in an oxidation/reduction reaction?
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Oxidation- A reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becomes more positive in charge. Reduction- Gains one or more electrons and becomes negative in charge.
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Why is water considered a polar compound?
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Because of the distribution of change.
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Why does water not dissolves non polar molecules like oil?
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Weaker attraction exist between polar and no polar molecules that's between 2 polar molecules.
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What is a hydrogen bond?
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The force of attraction between hydrogen particle with a positive charge and another atom or molecule with partial or full negative change.
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How does cohesion and adhesion help a plant move water up from the roots?
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Cohesion contributes to the upward movement of water from plant roots to other leaves. Adhesion is the force between the water particles.
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What does it mean when water has a high heat capacity?
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Energy must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds and energy is released as heat hydrogens form. Water will also not freeze as easily.
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Using sweet tea as an example, identify the following: Solution, solute, solvent.
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Solute: Sugar Solvent: Water Solution: Tea
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What are hydronium and hydroxide ions?
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Hydronium- H3O Hydroxide- OH
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Oh a pH scale, where would you find acid? Bases?
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Acids- 0-7 Base- 7-14
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What makes carbon so important in living things?
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It has organic compounds.
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What does the fictional group do?
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Influence the characters of the molecules they compose and the chemicals reactions the molecules undergo.
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What is the difference between monomer and a polymer?
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Monomer- Many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules. Polymer- Molecule that is repeated units.
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Difference between a condensation and hydrolysis reaction?
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Condensation- Polymers through a chemical reaction. Hydrolysis- Water breaks them down.
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What is adenosine triphosphate?
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Store a large amount of energy in their overall structure.
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What do we use carbohydrates for?
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Serve as a source of energy or structural material
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What is a carbohydrate monomer called? Polymer?
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Carbohydrate Monomer- Monosaccharia Carbohydrate Polymer- Polysaccharide
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What is a cellulose?
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A large polysaccharide, which gives strength and rigidity to plant cells
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Why do we need protein?
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Helps the body stay strong.
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What is the monomer unit of a protein?
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Amino Acids
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What do enzymes do?
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Act as biological catalysts. Are essential for the functioning of any cell.
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Describe a lipid.
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Large, nonpolar, organic molecules.
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What do lipids do?
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They keep water from dissolving some things.
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Which lipids are important In living things?
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Triglycerides and phospholipids.
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What do nucleic acids do for us?
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Store and transfer important information into the cell.
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What is this monomer unit of a nucleic acid? What is it made of?
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Nucleotides. Made of phosphate groups, like star carbon, sugar, and a ring.
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Which type of nucleic acid transfers info essential for the making of proteins?
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Ribonucleic acid or RNA.
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Elements commonly found in the human body.
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Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur
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Atoms in the nucleus.
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Neutrons, protons
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Where are electrons found?
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Electron clouds surrounding nucleus
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Path of electrons.
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Orbital
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"Energy" according to science.
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Ability to do work
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How do molecules behave in a solid?
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Packed tightly together.
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Polar
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One side positively charged, one negative
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Energy needed to run a reaction.
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Enzymes
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Where to find nucleic acids?
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Nucleus
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Group not part of the nucleus.
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Sulfide
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Do not store genetic in of in living organisms.
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Lipids
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Why are proteins also called polypeptides?
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Amino Acids often form very long chains.
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