Unit 2 Study Guide – Biology – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Compare the words matter and mass.
answer
Matter- Occupies space and mass. Mass- Amount of matter that an object has.
question
Which 4 elements make up the majority of life on earth?
answer
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.
question
What is a periodic table?
answer
Information about the elements is summarized on a chart.
question
What is an orbital?
answer
A three dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.
question
What is an Isotope?
answer
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
question
Why must an atom form a chemical bond with another atom to form a compound?
answer
Atoms are not stable, so they tend to react with another atom in different ways to become more stable.
question
Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
answer
Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Ionic bonds form when positive and negative atoms have electronic charges.
question
How is the scientific word of "energy" different from how we use energy every day?
answer
Scientific energy is the ability to do work. Ours is whenever we do something, working or not.
question
What happens to particles as they go through a state of change?
answer
Particles change through mass and matter.
question
What happens in a chemical reaction?
answer
One or more substances change in order to produce one or more different substances.
question
Identify the products of reactants in CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
answer
Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbonic Acid
question
What does enzyme have to do with activation energy?
answer
Enzymes act as catalysts.
question
What happens in an oxidation/reduction reaction?
answer
Oxidation- A reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becomes more positive in charge. Reduction- Gains one or more electrons and becomes negative in charge.
question
Why is water considered a polar compound?
answer
Because of the distribution of change.
question
Why does water not dissolves non polar molecules like oil?
answer
Weaker attraction exist between polar and no polar molecules that's between 2 polar molecules.
question
What is a hydrogen bond?
answer
The force of attraction between hydrogen particle with a positive charge and another atom or molecule with partial or full negative change.
question
How does cohesion and adhesion help a plant move water up from the roots?
answer
Cohesion contributes to the upward movement of water from plant roots to other leaves. Adhesion is the force between the water particles.
question
What does it mean when water has a high heat capacity?
answer
Energy must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds and energy is released as heat hydrogens form. Water will also not freeze as easily.
question
Using sweet tea as an example, identify the following: Solution, solute, solvent.
answer
Solute: Sugar Solvent: Water Solution: Tea
question
What are hydronium and hydroxide ions?
answer
Hydronium- H3O Hydroxide- OH
question
Oh a pH scale, where would you find acid? Bases?
answer
Acids- 0-7 Base- 7-14
question
What makes carbon so important in living things?
answer
It has organic compounds.
question
What does the fictional group do?
answer
Influence the characters of the molecules they compose and the chemicals reactions the molecules undergo.
question
What is the difference between monomer and a polymer?
answer
Monomer- Many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules. Polymer- Molecule that is repeated units.
question
Difference between a condensation and hydrolysis reaction?
answer
Condensation- Polymers through a chemical reaction. Hydrolysis- Water breaks them down.
question
What is adenosine triphosphate?
answer
Store a large amount of energy in their overall structure.
question
What do we use carbohydrates for?
answer
Serve as a source of energy or structural material
question
What is a carbohydrate monomer called? Polymer?
answer
Carbohydrate Monomer- Monosaccharia Carbohydrate Polymer- Polysaccharide
question
What is a cellulose?
answer
A large polysaccharide, which gives strength and rigidity to plant cells
question
Why do we need protein?
answer
Helps the body stay strong.
question
What is the monomer unit of a protein?
answer
Amino Acids
question
What do enzymes do?
answer
Act as biological catalysts. Are essential for the functioning of any cell.
question
Describe a lipid.
answer
Large, nonpolar, organic molecules.
question
What do lipids do?
answer
They keep water from dissolving some things.
question
Which lipids are important In living things?
answer
Triglycerides and phospholipids.
question
What do nucleic acids do for us?
answer
Store and transfer important information into the cell.
question
What is this monomer unit of a nucleic acid? What is it made of?
answer
Nucleotides. Made of phosphate groups, like star carbon, sugar, and a ring.
question
Which type of nucleic acid transfers info essential for the making of proteins?
answer
Ribonucleic acid or RNA.
question
Elements commonly found in the human body.
answer
Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur
question
Atoms in the nucleus.
answer
Neutrons, protons
question
Where are electrons found?
answer
Electron clouds surrounding nucleus
question
Path of electrons.
answer
Orbital
question
"Energy" according to science.
answer
Ability to do work
question
How do molecules behave in a solid?
answer
Packed tightly together.
question
Polar
answer
One side positively charged, one negative
question
Energy needed to run a reaction.
answer
Enzymes
question
Where to find nucleic acids?
answer
Nucleus
question
Group not part of the nucleus.
answer
Sulfide
question
Do not store genetic in of in living organisms.
answer
Lipids
question
Why are proteins also called polypeptides?
answer
Amino Acids often form very long chains.
