Question 1

In a study conducted by Zahn-Waxler, 5-year-old girls acted out a disagreement between two female dolls. The researchers discovered that girls who _____ were more apt to be disruptive at age 9 than other girls

Accepted Answer

quickly engaged in apologetic behavior

Question 2

Which scenario demonstrates the behaviorist theory regarding gender development?

Accepted Answer

Christine wears a dress, and her parents tell her how pretty she looks

Question 3

Abida is a nurturing parent and has good communication with her children whom she never disciplines. Her parenting style is:

Accepted Answer

permissive

Question 4

between the ages of 2 and 6; Learning when and how to express emotions. Emotional Regulation.

Accepted Answer

Preeminent Psychosocial Accomplishment

Question 5

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age: v

Accepted Answer

initiative vs guilt

Question 6

Compared to parents in the United States, ______ as many Canadian parents use slapping, pinching, or smacking as a form of punishment.

Accepted Answer

one half

Question 7

What is one of the functions peers provide in active play?

Accepted Answer

competition

Question 8

Regulation of which emotion is MOST emphasized in the United States?

Accepted Answer

fear

Question 9

Just as monkeys do in their rough-and-tumble play, human children:

Accepted Answer

use a play face

Question 10

In 1973, Lepper and colleagues conducted an experiment in which children did drawings. Some of the children were promised a reward while others received a surprise reward. The researchers found that the children who received the expected award for drawing:

Accepted Answer

were unlikely to draw independently at a later time

Question 11

According to Freud, little boys cope with the guilt of wanting to kill their fathers by:

Accepted Answer

identifying with their father

Question 12

What is the MOST probable reason child abuse is underreported?

Accepted Answer

professionals something something

Question 13

By age ______, children can consistently apply gender labels. By age ____, children are convinced that certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.

Accepted Answer

2:4

Question 14

Aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or other object is called:

Accepted Answer

instrumental aggression

Question 15

When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting style is labeled:

Accepted Answer

authoritarian

Question 16

William is at the toy store and sees a construction set. He asks his dad if he can have it for his birthday. His dad asks him if he thinks he would be able to use it. William reminds his dad that he is good at building with blocks. What does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

William\'s positive self-concept

Question 17

Today\'s children, especially those living in urban areas, spend more time _______ than playing outdoors.

Accepted Answer

Using electronic media

Question 18

How do abused children come to view other people?

Accepted Answer

They think that everyone wants to take advantage of them

Question 19

_____ are marked by excessive guilt, withdrawal, or fearfulness.

Accepted Answer

Internalizing problems

Question 20

Which theory states that gender role differences are rooted in a basic urge to reproduce?

Accepted Answer

evolutionary theory

Question 21

Young children usually play best with:

Accepted Answer

Their peers

Question 22

Young children tend to learn the most from teachers who use which style?

Accepted Answer

authoritative

Question 23

Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who have the ______ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

permissive

Question 24

Rough and tumble play between boys and fathers may prevent _____ later on.

Accepted Answer

antisocial behavior, including murder

Question 25

When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

an externalizing problem

Question 26

hitman for the mob breaks someone\'s arm to increase obedience

Accepted Answer

Example of proactive aggression

Question 27

punch your spouse in the face because he cheated on you

Accepted Answer

Reactive Aggression example

Question 28

spreading a rumor that your ex has an STD

Accepted Answer

Example of indirect aggression

Question 29

The clinical term of illness or disorder of the mind referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Psychopathology

Question 30

The individual most likely to have grown up with permissive parents is:

Accepted Answer

D. Paul, who is unhappy and lacks self-control.

Question 31

The idea that child maltreatment is rare and perpetuated by disturbed strangers:

Accepted Answer

has been disproved by research

Question 32

Which is NOT a form of play engaged in by young children in all cultures?

Accepted Answer

flying kites

Question 33

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn\'t. Carla is at which level of Kohlberg\'s view of moral development?

Accepted Answer

preconventional

Question 34

Leon is asked whether a person should steal food if they are starving. Leon says no because it is against the law. Leon is in Kohlberg\'s _____ moral reasoning level, in the stage called _____.

Accepted Answer

conventional; law and order

Question 35

The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg\'s stage of preconventional morality is:

Accepted Answer

the preoperational stage.

Question 36

Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:

Accepted Answer

functions of a family.

Question 37

When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children will:

Accepted Answer

align themselves with their peers.

Question 38

About _____ of school-age children live in a two-parent family.

Accepted Answer

two-thirds

Question 39

Who described middle childhood as a time of latency?

Accepted Answer

Freud

Question 40

According to Erikson, if 9-year-old Anna is successful in solving her psychosocial conflict, she should be developing a(n) ______ view of herself.

Accepted Answer

Industrious

Question 41

Ten-year-old India caught Lyndsey, her best friend, lying to her own mom. India will probably:

Accepted Answer

keep quiet about it.

Question 42

Preconventional morality involves:

Accepted Answer

seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

Question 43

What period is the prime time for moral development?

Accepted Answer

middle childhood

Question 44

What is Erikson\'s fourth stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

industry versus inferiority

Question 45

The particular rules and behaviors that are passed down to younger children from older children are what define:

Accepted Answer

Child Culture

Question 46

Astrid, age 6, helps her aunt make tortillas in the early morning and then she goes to school until noon. In the afternoon, she and her best friend watch their baby brothers while their mothers sell goods at the market. In the evening, her whole family talks and eats together. She knows her parents are proud of her and she feels proud too. According to the text, Astrid\'s labor is:

Accepted Answer

Reflecting her culture

Question 47

Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Stepparent Family

Question 48

More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are:

Accepted Answer

industrious, practicing the skills valued by their culture.

Question 49

Marissa and Jessica, sisters born two years apart, grew up in an impoverished, violent neighborhood. As adults, Marissa is chronically jobless and is addicted to drugs while Jessica is a professor of economics at a community college. Which theory might explain their different life outcomes?

Accepted Answer

differential sensitivity theory

Question 50

Joel, age 8, lives in a very stressful, chaotic home where he sometimes witnesses his mother being physically abused by her boyfriend. Joel\'s problems may be overcome by:

Accepted Answer

being actively involved in his church.

Question 51

Most bullies pick on:

Accepted Answer

members of their own sex.

Question 52

Children\'s ideas about their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender and ethnic background form their:

Accepted Answer

self-concept

Question 53

Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:

Accepted Answer

functions of a family.

Question 54

When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children will:

Accepted Answer

align themselves with their eers.

Question 55

Ajay, age 8, sleeps in the back of the shop where he works. His gets a bowl of rice with vegetables to eat. He carries heavy loads. In Ajay\'s village, his siblings sometimes have nothing to eat. None of them goes to school. His employer\'s son sometimes brings a book in the evening to teach Ajay to read. In making a judgment about Ajay\'s situation, one must consider:

Accepted Answer

the universal needs of childhood.

Question 56

The quality of resilience is dynamic, which means that it:

Accepted Answer

may change over time

Question 57

While 41 percent of all U.S. births were to single mothers in 2010, the number of children who grow up in a household with a single mother who never marries is:

Accepted Answer

lower, at about 13 percent

Question 58

The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is:

Accepted Answer

\"I am careful not to get caught.\"

Question 59

One study found that 98 percent of surveyed children believed that sports teams should exclude:

Accepted Answer

no child based on race or gender

Question 60

Postconventional morality involves:

Accepted Answer

the careful consideration of all options.

Question 61

Adrionna has begun to participate in arguments on issues of right and wrong. She is developing her own moral thinking, guided by:

Accepted Answer

her peers, parents, and culture.

Question 62

Andrea is a typical 11-year-old whose growing self-consciousness and self-criticism drive her to frequently compare herself with her peers. If Andrea is like most children, such comparisons will:

Accepted Answer

decrease her self-esteem.

Question 63

Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan\'s math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that:

Accepted Answer

genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on talents.

Question 64

In the United States, which ethnic group is MOST likely to accept and support single parents?

Accepted Answer

African Americans

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