question

A trained therapist using psychological techniques to assist others in overcoming difficulties or achieving personal growth would be using which of the following?

answer

psychotherapy

question

A psychoanalyst would be interested in analyzing the latent content of patient's dreams because

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analysis of the underlying meaning of dreams reveals repressed wishes.

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Interpersonal psychotherapy takes its structure largely from

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psychoanalysis

question

According to humanistic therapists, what is the advantage of using the active listening technique?

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It provides an accepting atmosphere in which clients may deepen their own self-understanding.

question

Counterconditioning therapies, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, are based on the principles of

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classical conditioning

question

Paul is an autistic child who rarely makes eye contact with others. To encourage this behavior, Paul's parents and teachers reward him with a piece of his favorite candy when he makes eye contact. This method of changing Paul's behavior is based on

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operant conditioning

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The cognitive therapies assume that

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psychological disorders are produced by faulty thinking in response to life events.

question

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?

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It focuses on replacing maladaptive behaviors with constructive ones.

question

Why shouldn't researchers conclude that psychotherapy is effective based solely on clients' perceptions?

answer

because therapy should be systematically studied by comparing an experimental and a control group

question

A patient who believes that bleeding can effectively treat typhoid fever may improve after such a treatment. However, just believing that a cure will work may lead to recovery. This is called

answer

the placebo effect

question

Many who have tried eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have reported improvement. Researchers have cautioned that such improvement may be due to the individual's belief that the treatment will work. This is called

answer

the placebo effect

question

Which of the following statements best summarizes the role psychotherapists play in a client's improvement?

answer

While orientation and experience of the therapist does not seem to matter, the development of a caring and empathic relationship between the client and therapist does.

question

Social workers are more likely to be

answer

qualified to offer psychotherapy, mostly to people with everyday problems.

question

Patients given a new drug treatment appear to improve. A researcher should be cautious before concluding that a new drug is effective because

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the placebo effect may arise from the positive expectations of patients and doctors.

question

In addition to treating severe depression, antidepressant medications have also been found to be effective in treating

answer

OCD

question

After many years of use, no one know exactly how __________ works to alleviate symptoms of depression.

answer

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

question

The belief that the mind and body are one unit is assumed by the __________ approach to treatment.

answer

biomedical

question

Preventive mental health proponents focus on

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teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.

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Of the following, who is most likely an eclectic therapist?

answer

Dr. Vroman, who encourages patients to evaluate their illogical thinking, uses role-playing to teach new adaptive behaviors, and interprets transference

question

Why is transference important to psychoanalysts?

answer

If a patient experiences strong negative feelings toward the analyst, it reveals a pattern of past relationships and provides an opportunity for change.

question

What is the main difference between Freudian psychoanalysis and interpersonal psychotherapy?

answer

Interpersonal psychotherapists are more likely to focus on current relationships than on unraveling past repressed conflicts.

question

Which of the following terms best describes unconditional positive regard?

answer

accepting

question

Which therapist is most closely associated with the development of counterconditioning techniques used to treat various fears?

answer

Mary Cover Jones

question

Therapists who create a token economy are most likely

answer

behaviorists

question

The focus of stress inoculation training is to

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teach people to restructure their negative thinking.

question

Which of the following is a type of group therapy?

answer

family therapy

question

Which of the following is a reason that clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy should be cautiously evaluated?

answer

Even if problems remain, clients try to find something positive to say about their experience.

question

Hans Eysenck reported that ________ of individuals with nonpsychotic disorders noticeably improved with or without psychotherapy.

answer

two-thirds

question

In a study assessing the effectiveness of light therapy in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD), researchers assigned participants to a group that received 90 minutes of bright light a day or a group that was exposed to a fake treatment called a "negative ion generator." Those who received the fake treatment were assigned to

answer

a placebo group.

question

Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning the relationship between psychotherapy and the improvement of a client's symptoms?

answer

Individuals with clear-cut, specific problems tend to improve the most.

question

Of the following, which is a major difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?

answer

Clinical psychologists have earned a Ph.D.; psychiatrists are physicians who can prescribe medications.

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Why are researchers likely to use the double-blind procedure in studies determining the effectiveness of a new drug?

answer

By keeping participants and researchers unaware of which condition the patient is assigned to researchers can determine if the placebo effect is at work.

question

Research by Irving Kirsch suggests that antidepressants should be prescribed only for patients

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who are severely depressed.

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Psychosurgery is used only as a last resort treatment for psychological disorders because

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these procedures are irreversible.

question

Therapeutic life-style change proponents suggest that

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depression stems from physical inactivity, poor nutrition, sleep deprivation, and a lack of social connections.

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Preventive mental health proponents attempt to

answer

identify and alleviate social conditions that lead to psychological illnesses.

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