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Eclectic approach

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An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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Psychotherapy

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Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

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Psychoanalysis

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(1) Sigmund Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; (2) Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed that the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-- and the therapist's interpretation of them-- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

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Resistance

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In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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Interpretation

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In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote

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Transference

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In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

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Psychodynamic theory

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Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

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Insight therapies

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A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

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Client centered therapy

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A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth

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Active listening

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Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

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Unconditional positive regard

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A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

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Behavior therapy

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Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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Counter conditioning

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A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

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Exposure therapies

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Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treats anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

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Systematic desensitization

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A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

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Virtual reality exposure therapy

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An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

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Aversive conditioning

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A type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

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Token economy

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Ana operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for various privileges or treats

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Cognitive therapy

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Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

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Family therapy

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Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

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Regression toward the mean

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The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average

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Meta analysis

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A procedure for statistically combing the results of many different research studies

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Evidence based practice

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Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

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Biomedical therapy

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Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

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Psychopharmacology

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The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

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Antipsychotic drugs

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Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

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Tardive dyskinesia

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Movement disorder that affects a person's ability to perform voluntary muscular movements.

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Antianxiety drugs

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Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

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Antidepressant drugs

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Drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters.

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Electroconvulsive therapy

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A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

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Psychosurgery

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Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

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Lobotomy

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A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

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Resilience

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The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

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Dorothea Dix

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United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill; superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War (1802-1887)

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1)not only seeks to relieve distressing and unhelpful symptoms, 2)but also works to develop and strengthen inner resources and capacities to improve the overall quality of life

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2 advantages of psychodynamic therapy

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1)very effective at treating conditions like phobias, anxieties, and aversions 2)usually doesn't take much time

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2 advantages of counter conditioning

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1)Can be as effective as medication in treating some mental health disorders and may be helpful in cases where medication alone has not worked. 2)Can be completed in a relatively short period of time compared to other talking therapies.

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2 advantages of cognitive behavioral therapy

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1)No other form of therapy provides as good an environment for UPC, empathy, understanding and deconditioning. Every therapist should have fundamental elements of PCC incorporated into their treatment models, and be willing to fully embrace it's principles. 2)Places the client at the heart of any process of change, rather identifying them as a victim of cirucmstance or external factors.

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2 advantages of client centered therapy

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